Bath 3, Briftol 5 Birmingham 2 Blackburn-- Bury CamBaipc® 2 Canterbury 2 Chelmsford Chefter,Coventiy Cumberland
Meteoralogical Diaries for Jan. and Feb.1799 9° The Authenticity of the Arabian Nights Tales 91 Purfuigsof Architeétural Innovation, No.VIL, 92 Premiutnsfor amelioriting Condaion oF Poor 94 | Notices réfpeting feveral Berkthire Families 95
Ufefpl Plants growing at Guiana pointed out 96 A peculiar Privilege tothe Convent of Bradfey éb. ie | Plan, bc. of a Manfion-houfe for Lord Nelfon 97 |France not calculated for a School for the Arts 98 {Original Letters ef Bp.Hoadly toSirR, Walpole.99 | Lertersof Bp.Buflerand Dfs.of Marlborough 10 (OnStyleofArchitecture vulgarly calledGothic 102 |Acodant of axesteviedinRefen of Hen. VUE. 103 {On Prevention and Cure of ites of Vipers 105 ‘At Account of a Ribband worn by Chailes I, 106 | Fhe Hiftory of-Phyfiognomy, Letter XV. +07 | Attemptsto extirpate Chriflianity oppoled 10% iInfcriptiowin Mr. Hete’s Garden, Capes arm éb, Adams verfusBurk-—-Mifcellan.Correctians 109’ ‘Poetry Cricerton‘vflegicimate Pronunciation. ro A Critique on ftriking/Patlages of Buripides 111 iMr. Mitchell on the Natural Hifory of Kent 72. |Account of HulessO wen Abbey, Shropthire 113 Kendal | ines,or B inquetGalkery,” criticized 16.
The Gentleman's
Lonp.Gaget te Sr | CLUN’* .) Doacetter 2 GengaacEven. = Porshe ter Tourn ’s Evening i Derby, Exeter ‘St.James’sChron. 4] Gloucefter London Chron. Hérefor¢, Hula London Evening. Ipfwich Whitehall Even, Ingranp 38 The Sun—Star Leiceater London Packet Lecds 2 Lewes Englith Chron. Liverpool 3 Times—Briron Maidfione Morning Chron, *Manchefler 3 Morning Herald * Neweaftle 3 Public Ledger Noxihampton Gazett'.& M.Pott Norwich 2 Couritr—Ey, Ma, Notringbam Courier de Lord, Oxyoukn London Herald Portfmouth Oracle& Dai+Ad, Reading Morning Advert. Salifbury 2 18. Weekly Papers SCOTLAND 12
FEBRUARY, 1799. CON T A I N ING
| Succefsfal Mode of treating theYellowFever 116
Foreron Lirekary Int ®LLIGENCE
On the very fine Statyesin Aldworth Church 11 6 Embeliithed with Two Perfpedtive Views
* inthe Cdunty of Savor; ahd with a beadtiful and ingenious Plan of a Mawnsion-House propofed for Lofd Netson.
Magazine ;
at! Sheffield 2 ae >= Sherborne, Surry on Shrewibury
- Stattordfhire Stamture 2 Winchetter Worcelter 2 York 3
A very remarkable biftance of Longevity 117 Bp.Wickham—Swacliffe Vicarage,co.Oxford id. An Account of the autient Family of Malet 118 Zouche of Haring worth—TheTalbotFamily ibid. Ihe Origin of Negus—Reétors of Winwick id. The Loach, or Cobitis Barbatulay -defcribed 120 On Chatterton—Gifford Baronetage extinet 121 Account, of Bifhop Bonrer—Owen Glyndwr sb, Particulars. 6f Mr. Locke and his Family 122 PaffageinPopeexplainedby Provincial Dialeéts 123 Chilblains — Goud Caution in wafhing Linen 124 Law Opinion dn Hantitig ?—Ufefal Charity 125 Proceedings inthe prefent Seffion of Parliam. id, Review or New Purnicarions 129—146 ibid. Inpex (ypicaTokiueéQueries anfwered ib. Sevect PorTwy, Antientand Mail. 147—1 52 tnteretting Intelligence from LondonGazettes 1 5 3 Foreign News—Slutereft. Intell. from Ireland 155 Country News-—~Domeftic Occurrences, &c. 157 Marriages, Deaths of eminent Perfons 363—174 Bill of Murtality from Jan. 22 to Beb.ug = 174 The Average Price of Grain for One Month 175 Daily Variations id the Prices of the Stocks 176 of the Ausrey House of Hares-Owel,
|
_
UR. B AN, Gent.
——
By ST LVANUS
|
Printed by JOAN NICHOLS, at Cicero's Head, Red-Liot Batlage, Fleet-treer; where. all Lettets to the Editor are defired to be addrefitd, Post-raip. 1799.
OE
;
anathema
Ped <gpinimnncinal-Diisisi te Seemanpanchchennty, 1299 . ae fi, eg State of Weather-in January, 195
30 30) 32 | 33 84 3-0 little fan
"40h 30° © | Yatle fan. 284-30 | co | tiie fan” ShE moderate a2] 28} 30] -° .o | little fun
rt) 35 | 35, 2.6 ° 7 Oo} 36 | 37 -7 | fan and delightful day
8} 32 | 33 3 © | very pleafant 29,92} 40 | 40} 2-6 | very pleafant
3O,-0} go | go +6 | gloomy, dittle:rain - 33] 42} 43 +6 fa little rain . 3| 34°) 33 3 fon, rain.at night [fon -O} 36 4-28 ‘8 |.amift for fome time; after which: brad j 29,63] 40.| 41 “7 | very pleafant 4 'S moderate . 44 | 44 +5 | black clouds, fun at intervals } 2ofSSE drift 49 33 | 44 6° gloomy, little rain |. ftewer = 4. 2145 moderate} 40) 39°] '4t | « © -6 | Black clouds, fan at imervals, - a fomalt Hi 2248 ditto 50] 39°} 41 8 +frequent -23)SiV ditto - 35} 33 | 4> |. +7 | black clouds, rain at night ; 24/SW ditto 23] 37 | 39 -8 | gloomy A.-M, fan P:M. . 2s\SW geritle 50) 34 | 36 +9 | Clear fy and fun tilly P.M, i 261W ditto 77) 39. | 4° -7 | fan and clear thy ’ -‘a9iSE calm 34 35 | 37 7 | vain . . | | . oa8INW ditto’ 49] 27 4 32 3-1 | fud and clear ! 2agINW ditto 60] 32 | 34 1 | fome fnow, fun at intervals Z0|SSE ditto 371 °29 | 30 -% | fun and clear & modera'e 354 30 | 32 +I | gtoomy
11. A moft beautifiil fky, vailed over fancifully with white.—13, A pair of houfe Sparrows chirping and {porting as if on the look out where to build. Fall of rain, in the fpace of the two Jaft mbnths, 4.77 inches. The gauge could not ( be examined the conclufion of laft month, being locked faft by the froft ; which, intenfe as it Was, was not attended by unpleafant circumftances, the wind continuing moderate. i} Thaws, though frequent, were of the mildeft nature; no rains, or flippery roads. The evaporation veffel, as ufual, was burft by the froft.
ag rs es w -_
Waltin, ncav Liverpool. J. Herr. t MereoRnoLoercar Tasre for. February, ‘1799. Height of Fahrenheit’s Thermometer. Height of Fahrenheit’s 1 hermometer. ° - = f €)aG] ¢ 12 =F [earom.) Weather w2(ge ‘¢ 12 SiBarom] Weather ) SESE) ES 1S Ela. pespin Fed Selo e] 8 on. prs esloet § =i | P eb. 1799. LES] S [mii pts.| in Feb. 1799: 4 ior. Pe ri Feb,| 0 |e |-e i} 27 | 454 -50°| 35 [29553 jtainandfnow!) 22 [ 30 | 3q 4 35. 28 }-go4 294'25 | 558 ffair[intheni.| 2g} 33 | 40.4 93 2°} 25} 39} 3°] 165 [fvirandtnow! 14 | 31 | 38 7 go Zz qa} 29 4-go.} 24] 934 Hair [at mighty) 15 | 42 | 44 [407 | arp agp2’ | 2} 548: fnew. 16 | 4E | gb} 394 if F.1}.904:32 | 3% | © ,20 |fnow Tht? $35 7 427 396 i? core PaB}go] 294 504 (row 8) 35° 394-49" } ; 34 2H] 25 | 20 42. {fair WY 19 | 484 g0 | -44t f = xg | 23 [29 |. 224. 24 |dondy 20] 451.5¢ | 47]. if 5 | 28] 394 25]. 547 cloudy at 147 [42 1-46 4 6 | 25.1 27/25 | s60 [cloudy 22} 46.) 55 | 49 | 6 pad £7.] 24 | 482 /fnow 23 | 44.1.57 | 46 8 | 24] 38 | 24 /30,00 ffar == 2g 1 47 | 5g] 42 h 9 | 30} 334 38 [29,80 jfairwraatnight!) 25 | 38 4 47 | 43 40+} ge} 99°} -38) | -y70-frain ~~ - 26 | gadegg re av} qo! gg !. 30 [28,86 {fair t
W. Carts Optician, No. 182, near Norfolk-Street, S:rand.
«enue “ . PN ORS I FOR ON Vif ait the! yitlonatans* © “Len bm
' ‘
T HE.
Gentleman's Magazine: Fr FEBRUARY, 1799.
BEING THE SECOND* NUMBER OF..VOL. LXIX. PARTI. .
» Mr. URBAN, Feb. 22.
AVING remarked in tales your vol. LXVLI, pp, ¥é H % 1081; x 757, that micaert o
your corre{pondents MARAE have folicited Siceme. tion concerning the Arabic MSS. of the Arabian Nights Entertainments now io England, and finding my name occa- fionally introduced with that of Mr. Profeflor White, I fit down to com- ' municate what I know of the maiter,
in hopes that the learned Profeffor, as well as others who have it in their power, may be induced to anfwer the queries of your correfpondent M. N. in a manner much more fatisfaGlory.
In a nore, in the Jaft edition of the Natural Hiftory of Aleppo, J have af- ferted, ** that the Arabian Ta’‘es, a Thoufand aod One Nights, is a fcarce book at A'eppo; that, after much en- quiry, I tound only two valumes, con- taining 280 Nights, and with dfiicuity obiained leave to have a copy taken. 1 was fhewn (1771) more than one complete copy in the Vatican library 5
and one at Paris in the Kigg’s library, faid alfo to be complete.” It may be proper to add here, thae what is faid of the Vatican and Parifian MSS of which I had only a sranfient view, refts on the authority of the librarians.
The fii tt.theee volumes of M. Gal- land's tranflation contains 238 Nights; in the fucceeding three volumes, each flory proceeds unioterrupredly, The repetition of the dialogue between the two fitters at the beginning andconclu- fon of each Night, which is continued throughour the MS, was intentionally omitted by M. Galland, after the firtt volume. .
From the beginning to. the 75th Night, with fome flignt variation in the divifion of Nighis, the MS. end the tanflation agree. The ftury of the
10194. ..1020,
LXVIII. 304, 395,
—
three Calenders terminates in the MS. in the 75th Night: in the tranflation ini the 69th. |
The ftory of Sinbad, which occupies from the 7oth to the gift night fn the trarflation, is entirely waning in my MS, the ftory of three Apples follow- ing immediarely that of the Calenders, and terminating in the 79th~ Night : whereas, in the tranflation, the flory of the Apples terminates in the 934 night, on account of the intervening ftory of Sinbad.
From the 93d Night in the tranfle- tion (MS. 80) to the 2rorly(MS. 200) the ftories, with little. variation, pro- ceed in the fame feries: but, after that, there is a total deviation frem the order preferved in the MS ; for, the ftory of Nouseddin Aly, which in the MS. is continued from Night 200 to 229, does not appear in the French tranflation ti}! the beginning of the gth volume, and is followed by the flory of Bider Prince of PerGia; which in the MS. commences in the 229th Night, and ends in Night 272. Part of the fiory of Camaralzaman, from Night 272 to 281, fintthes the MS, while rhat ftory, in the tranflatiog, is found in the 3d volume, comprehended in 17 Nights, frem 2rrto 228. The flories related in the other tea Nights cf that volume are not in the MS. f
From the foregoing detail, -there | feems ro ground to doubt that M. Galland tranflated from a copy fimilar to the MS. now in my poffeffien: - in the conduét of the principal incitlepts, as well as in the termination of chetgles, there is no material difagreement. The variation remarked in the divifon of the Nights, and arrangemeat of the fiories, may eahly be acgounred for.:
In general, with refpect to che tranf- lation, no doubt great liberty, in ace commodation to Frenth tisoners, has been taken with the original. A-reafon tyt omining the ftanzas and elegics,
which
which oceur fo frequently throughout the MS, has been affigned in M. Gat- Jand’s Preface ;. and a few f{cenes, too licentioufly deferibed in the original, have with propriety bren foftened or fuppreft : ber other deferiptions; tho’
expreflive of Oriental cofume, have’ wih lefs reafon been omitted; particu -
Jaily two Nights in vel. II. p rss It
mav be remarked alfo, diat M. Galland:
js fometimmes exuberant far beyond the original, and inferts in the narrative what is rather a commértary forthe European reader than fuiable co the characters of the drama.
Mr. Richardfon, in his excellent Grammar, has obferved, refpe€ting the flory »f the barber’s fifth biother, * that the deviation from the original is greater than even a free tracflation feemed to require ;” a remark which may jufily be exsended to many other
arts of the tvanflaiion, after every al- oe is made for variation jin the MSS.
The MS. from which Mr. Richard- fon tranflated the flory of Alnafchar, muft, like mine, have wanted the ftory of Sindbad, the fiorv of Alnafchar be- ginning in both MS$, in the 162d wight; but in M. Galland’s tavfla- tion (on account, as before obferved, of Sindbad’s adventures intervening) it begins in the 176th Night.
In a confiderable number of feparate Tales which I colleéied in the Eatt, I find but few contained in M. Galland’s tranflation. Among thefe are the firft eight Nights of the Arabian Nights, with this variation, that the fable of the afs, the cx, aid the labourer, in Galland’s vol, I. p. 25, is related by the third old man, inffead of a ftory in fa- vour of the merchant. Thele eight Nights fland under the title of the Mer- chant and the Genie; bur the narra- tive is uninterrupted, and wihout any intimation whence it was borrow<d. There is another ftory, under the title of the Khalif and the Fifherman, a fragment much abridged and mutilated, evidently aifo from the Arabian Nights, without any acknowledgement, There is one more, ** The Story of the fair Perfian” (Galland, vol. 1V.); which, though rather more full, agrees in ge- neral with the. MS. of ithe Arabian Noghts; but is remarkable on account of 1.8 mention of coffee, which I do not secollc& meeting with in any pait of the Asabian Nighis; the genuine Tales being probably of an older date
92: Dr. Ruffel! on the Authenticity of the Arabian Tales, [Feb. y
) than the introdudlion of the ufe of cof- fee into Arabia. F
I fufpett, therefore, thet this laf circumflance, as wéll as fome introdus ced-by way of amplification in other phaces. to be modern additions ; afd’ this the rath. r,. from having remarked that, in copies made from ‘my oWn MS, the feribes were tittle fernpulous in abridging deferiptions, changing words, -and adding cecorations, as ‘fancy happened to lead; @ licence not afflumed in MSS. of fericus import, which are always carefully compared andcorreAled,
In refpcé& to the continuation of the Arabiaa Nights, ‘publifhed in 1792, I find, in my ‘mifcellaneous cobkeétion abovementioned, the three firft Rories in the firft volume ; the third flory in the fecond ; and tke ficlt and thirteenth of the third Volume, They are to-
tall ‘uncouneéted, have each their dif- tind preface, ‘and may very poflibly belong to the targe colle€tio#mention- éd by M, Galland. On the fuppofition
of the French tranflation beieg made |
from MSS. not very different from mine, the liberty affurned of amplifica- tion feems to me, on a curfory per- ufal, far to exceed that of M. Galland in ‘his verfion of the Arabian Nights. Yours, &c. PR.
Tre Pursuits oF ARCHITECTU- RAL INNOVATION. No. VIL. | GCE the reign of Heory VIII. tvery dilapidation cemmitted on our antient ftructures, and every neg~ lect fhewn for their neceflary repairs, whereby they were fuffered to fal! into ruins, may juftly be confidered as ari- fing from this caufe, ArchiteAural In- novation. A love of novelty, and an unfeeling contempt thein for our fa-
cred works of antiquity, which have ©
been flis matized with the barbarous name of Gothic, is the canfe whereby the Roman and Grecian ftyles of ar chitecture have beet introduced into every Ine of building fince that pe-
riod, both public and private. Theres
fore, the admiration that‘ has been conjured up in fupport of fuch fyles h-s neceffarity turned the genius of Englithmen froth their national archi- teSiure, to toil in‘an ingloious and fervile purfuit to imitate a foreign manner. Thus infatuated, they ad- vife the deftru€tion and a teration of
edifices which it thould ‘be their height.
of ambition to proreét and imitate. ; Henee
TN ee ee eee ee ees
1799-}* On the Pur fuits of ArchiteAural Innovation, Ne. Vil. 93,
—
Hence we, who profefs ourfelves...
real Antiquaries, and lovers of our country’s former architeChural glory, are confirained. every where to wit- nefs. thofe devaftating fcenes, and thofe transformiations wrought on our fineft antient works 5 and are continu- al'y forced to exclaim, in bitter re- ptoaches, againtt the rathlefs, favage, and intérefled, purfuits of ArchiteQu- ral Innovation. Some attemps have been made of late years to introduce a mode of architéAtre, under a title which is truly fignificant: the enlight-
ened defigners call it Gothic architec. .
ture, a fort of tafte which juft glances at our antient pointed arched fiyle, and catches much from the Chinefe manner, but abounds moft with their own ideas. We behold this farrage of archite&ture, in various parts of the kingdom, fet up in a kind of mock triumph in feveral new buildings, aod fet up in a way that is ferioufly to be deplored ; I mean, where fuch ideas have been intruded into our antient beautiful remains. I fhall mention but one inftance at prefent, and that very fuperficially, as I mean to take foon an opportunity to comment on it more at large. The inftance, there- fore, is the fagades or fronts of the two courts of juftice in Weftminfter- \ hall! Thus is one of the moft augoft and extenfive rooms in the world ren- dered mean and contemptible; and its royal walls curtaiied of much of its furprizing dimenfions,
How interefting, how truly fublime, would be the effect, if thefe fronts were removed, and two noble apart- ments erefied beyond the South wall of the hall, for the purpofes of na- tional juftice, and which might be feen through the arches under the range of thofe fine ftatues above of our antient Sovereigns; the whole work to be executed in rif con- formity to, the architefture of the hall! Then indeed mighowe boaft of the fublimity of one of our national architeétural glories,
We hear of new ereétions on foot, called ‘© Gothic abbeys,” aod which, as they are announced, will sival ail the works of Antquity; and, al- though there is to be a piace which is to be called a choir, yet that part we ufually affign for the commu- nion-table is to be placed Weftward ; but not a word of fide ailes, the body of the church, of tranfepis, To be
—~
fare, ‘the figure .of a trofs, exempli-
fied on the tranfepts, and the original
and univerfal Eaftern ficuation of the altar, are but tke fuperftitious plans and arrangements of the idle and ignorant religious in former ages, ufually rermed by our Literati * the dark ages ;” yer, by fome unaccountable meats, they contrived to conftru‘t thofe buildings,
which we wrong-fighted gntiquaries |
prefume to praife and defend. To purfue our modern inventors of
new ityles of architecture, we find’,
every kiod of novelty introduced
among their ideas; and we are told,
with the utmoft affurance, that it is our antient national flyle, * revived and improved,” and ‘* defigned after'@ new manner *,” gine How thefe contradi&tions are to be reconciled, we are yet to learn and’ either the patrons, or the workers in thefe ftrange mines of inconfittencies, muft clear the dult of A:tiquity from the eyes of us its admirers; or elfe we’
muft conclude Innovation, baleful In- ,
novation, guides their Archite&urak purfuits. / BEVERLEY MINSTER,’ Yorkhhire,
[1790 ]
This fuperb ftructure ia its generat appearance much refembles our Ab- bey-church of Weftminfter, though its dimenfions are not fo extenfive ; yet the profufe difplay of enrichments feen on every part, and the perfect ftate of every objeét, make it a far more. gratifying fcene of antient {plen~ dour than our venerable and national fepulchre of royal and noble charac ters. ‘For, the truly-ridiculous jumbie of Roman and Grecian decorations in- truded on the upper parts of its tow- ers by Sir Chriftopher Wren, which performances evince how mech that archite& defpifed ‘his country’s native architeGture, makes us turn our eye from thofe towers with difguft and re«
ret.
The church of Beverley: has not efcaped thole invidious marks of con- tempt; for we find the great tower in the Body of the fabrick terminated with an ogee. oftangular dome, having on each face a citcular window. ‘This departure from the work of the builds iny is only to be accounted for by ma- king its architeét, the late Lord Bur-
* See Langley’s “Gothick architecture defigned after a new manner,’ exempli- fied in varions elevations, / lington,
Ae tt By oriental
gm eset
a
lington *, & worthy follower of the high fame of Sir Chriftopher. His Lordthip’s fkill in Roman and Gre-
_ cian architeAlute is not confined to the |
exterior of this church; for we notice, between the arches of the fide ailes of the nave, pews and galleries according to their rules. The fereen entering into the choir is a performance fiace his Lorcthip’s day; it is in the new and improved flye of Goibic, and contains, notwithflanding, excellent ‘ftatues, but dreffed according to the fancy, or, as it is called, tefe, of our modern fculptors, though thefe flatues were intended by the donors to repre- fent fome illuftrious chara&ers of for- mer times.
‘To, fpeak, of the original decorations of this church yet permitied to occupy,
their appropriate, aed, no doubr, dearepurchafed fituation, is that firft & models of anticnt monuments Ft, wherein every effort that fculpture
“and mafonry could combine are dif-
played in one great exceilence, Here the divine forms of heavenly be- ings thine re{plendent before us. The auguit figures of Edward ITI. Queen Philippa his conlort; Edward the
Black Prince, apd. other dignified.
chara@ets, are every where pour- trayed. An infinity of W:ffo-relievos and ornamental enrichments are pro- fufely difplayed ovet every part of the monument. The excéflive admira~ tion excited by this national honour cannot be delcribed; and we have only to obferve, that it was executed in the zenith of our pointed arched ftyle’s highe@ glory, the glorious days of Edward Il]. Ir was raifed to the memory of a Lady Percy... Ad- joining is'a {mall chapel belonging to the fame name, mavbich is a fine altar tomd of the farmly tf.
~ Although «hefe monuments and chapel are ih a tolerable flare of pre- fervation, yet,.as fome indefpenfabie repairs (trifling in chemfelves with re- gardto expenditure) were found ne- ceflary 10, proveét thom from decay, application wes made to 4 noble de- fcendant, whole- open hand and hof- pitable doors are naw the theme of pub- fic praife ; yet, by fome (we mutt fip-
. * The information of his. .Lordfhip’s name I received frum, the speapie of ihe
place. J. 2 + See Gough’s Sepolebsab Monuments,
Woh. . , + Ibid,
pole) informal method of proceeding, , the application pafled unheeded |. To foften the feelings of us anti- quaries, we may call to recolleétion the public fpirit, the ever-torbe vene- rated noble mind *, of that individual, who, fome few years back, left for the repair of this pile a yearly income of confidtrable amount, and which is entirely expended during the courle of the year on various repairs and other works neceflary for fo extenfive a building. rey ‘Nor let us pafs.by the magic efforts “of that wonderful map +, who, by his knowledge in mechanical powers, rai- fed the whole of the front of the North tranfept to its original fituatich, which before hung four feet beyond its perpendicular pofition, and endan- gered the fafery of the whole pile. Thefe are the Architeétural Pur- fuits demanding the applaufe of all, but, in particular, from us who have the prefervation of owr antient firuc- tures fo mach at.heart. Here we may awhile indulge ovr Antiquarian pléa- fures, awhile forget thofe ruthlefs de- vaflations which have fo often embit- tered our Rudies, for which the con- templative mind of thole who revere the hiftory of their country, and who abhor innevation in whatever dhape it may appear, are naturally formed. Yours, &e. Aw ARCHITECT. (To be continued.)
Mr. Urnan, F.3. 7.
N your taf, p. 36, you have infer-
tea a leer, giving fome eccourt of the procecdings of che’ Society for the Encouragement of Arts, ~ ee fa&tures, ana Commerce, relitive to the rewards voted to James Barry, «fq. for the excellent feries’ of pi@ures which, with peculiar propriety, orna- mept the great room ot the Society. And, fiece you have in introduced in your valuable th od fome de- tails of the Tranfations of the Society, I mult requef you will permit an ola member of that inftitution, and oe of your occafional correlpondems, co ftate to the publick the circumiiances © twa premiums lately offered, with an intention of ameliorating the c ndition of the labouring pror. This is cer- tainly an objess of the ficft importance mn every we!l-repulated fate, and more
* 4 cannot call to recollection this bee nefackm’s name.
+ William TLoraton, 1739. particularly
94 © On the Purfuits of Architethural Innovation, No. VIL. (Feb. *
_~
articularly fo in a kingdom like this,. aie the main-{pring of all its sétione
lies in, the increale of the agriculture —
and manufactures of the country. | The mode adopted by the Society to obtain this defirable obje&t, is, by of- fering an honorary reward tofach .of the nobility or gentry as thali ere&l, oo their eftates, cottages for the habita- tion of the induftrious poor, and ap- tion to each cottage tuch a {pace of Jand as may enable the cottager to maintain a cow, or two or three fheep, for the {upport of himfelf and family. This feems to be the fir intention ; but, in orderto render this advantege ds general as poffible, the Society have alfo offered a fimilar reward to fuch perfon as fhall apportion a due quantity of land on their eflate to fuch cottages as have been already built. The advan- tages that will réfult from fuch conduct mutt be evident to every one convesfant with the ftare of she kingdom; and there can pe no doubt byt, when uhe views of “the Society thall be tegonded and realiz-dby perfons of darge landed roperty, ‘the advantages arifyee from Fach plans willbe equally gratifying to the andloid and tenant, aad mutu- ally couducive to the amendfng the morals and com@uét of that ctafs of men, whole benefit the Society: have had moft particularly ia view in the olfcricg thefe rewards. _ Asthisis the dirt feafon when re- wards of this tendency have been of- f.red, it may readily be {uppofed the plan may not be fo fully complete as may be withed; and, if any. thing feems at prefent wanting, it is that the yewards now offered appear to be in- - “tended for the-amendiny the condition ‘of fuch induftrious poor only as are em- ployed in agriculture; whereas it is to be hoped that, at fome*furure period, the Society may extend its views to the other branches of trade and manufac- ture with which this country abounds, and thereby find fome means of affilling the opulent.manulaéturers of this king- dom in their views Of amending the condition of their labourers, and ena- ble them foto enjoy themfelves com- fortably intheir own dwellings, as wil ‘pat a flop to the modero praétice of frequenting common althoufes, and thus effett a change.in «heir moral ‘conduét; which cannet fail producing ‘the bappieft con fequences to themfelves ' and their families, aod: u'timatcly to the country ih general. Civis.
799.) Premiums for amekeroting the Conditiowaf the Poor. 9§
Mr, URBAN, _, Feb. 18. OUR corre{pondént, p. vg, is'mife taken in fuppofing’ Mr. Burning.
ham a great nephew of the famous Sie Tho. Day, of Ockwells; he js his great grandfon, ‘Sir Thomas's eldeft daughe ter married'a Mr. Hely, ‘a folicitor, in London, by whom the had only: two daughters. The youngeft ene, the moft pleafing elegant young’ woman IF ever knew, married, at about the age of twenty-two or three, the father of Mr. Burningham. She ‘died before the was thirty, leaving, T think, three children, Mr.” B. the “eldeft, who not only poffetfes the fortune of Gir Thomas, but alfo a very good eftate in the North of England from his uncle, the Tate ‘Ralph Day, efq. of Maidene head, Beiks, who got-it by hs mar riage with Milfs Pigeon, only child of the famous bandfome Major Pigeon, as alfo fome very fine pitures. * Much of the flare ufed in London comes from Mr. Burningham’s eftate inthe North,
With regard to the antient families in the fattern part of Berkthire, I be~ lieve mol of them are extinct. The Corowalls, of Waltham Sr. Lewrence ;
-the Cherrys (originally a Surrey tamie
ly, Sic Francis’s eftate, aod fome of his grandfon Mr. Cherry’s, in that county, whence-on becoming poffefled of Shortefbrook they removed); the Powneys of Old-Windfor; and the Whitefields, of Ives Place, all extinét, unlefs We retkOn the twelwe- children produced above 130 years ago -by the cook of John Whitefield, efq. to his youngeft fon, who ¢ondefeended to marry her, and wat-totally caft off by his family. There were,-fome years azo, feveral very refpeAabls geaclemen-~ farmers, great-giand-children Of this wiry uneguul yoking. They ace, per- haps, as we P and probably such happier, than if their grandfather haa married fome Kari’s daugiter. The Jate Mr. Whiteficld, of Wargrove, Berks, (in his youth a leathesefeller in London,) for mapy years farming ‘his own eftate, died absut go years ago very vich.
The Vanheearts, although a worthy, are by no-means an antient Berkpire family. The urele of the prefent ~worthy proprietor of Shotteforoak eftate, his youngeft brother George V. efq. of Bytham-abbey (the. very antient family of Hobby, extinét, M.P. for Berk thire, purchafed -Shottef- “brodk éttate in 1717 of the-coheirels of
: ' ‘ Francis
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toe
ere
} |
Francis Cherry,. efq. ; and, lamentable. to relate, as the aétors are now flipped behind sbis mortal {ceoe, be bribed the. old, and, as was conceived, very faith- fal fleward of Mr. Cherry, to reckon oaks, &c. &c. of full-growth, twigs, to be thrown into the thamefully cheap purchafe, by which the orphans were cheated of a vaft many thoufand pounds; very large woods, fold every ear, compofed a large part of Shottef- aie efiate, As | have often heard the reliét of the learned Mr. Dodwell, motier of Archdeacon Dodwell, fay, * Aye, poor old Trigg, bis eyes failed SADLY fufl ot thattime.”’ But he had fervid Mefirs. Cheirys, father and fon, more than forty years; and had made bonsfily, very bonefily, an excellent ovifion for bis children. Jf the young adies were of my mind, they confoled theimfelves, as I ever do, that there is @ DAY coming, when it will be found mucn better to have been the cheated
petton thao the cheating one. A NATIVE OF BERKSHIRE.
Mr. URBAN, Feb. 15.
‘ € the ichabitants of our Wefl- A India iflands, efpeeially of Ja- maica, ‘are Jaudably engaged in intre- ducing ufeful plants and trees, permit me to point.out, through the medium of your ufeful Publication, a few that grow at Guiana, and may now eafily be procured, owing to that country being at prefent in.our poffeffion.
'* Jedian Yam (unknown in any of
the Weilt-India iflands) has a farina- ceots root, of areddith purple colour, near the fize of a man’s wrift, and 7 or 8 inches in lengih, It fomewhat refembles the potatoe, but hes a very agreeable tafle, peculiar to itfelf. Iron-woed tree. The wood of this tree is particularly adapted for the
‘building of windmills, and tran{ported
in great quantities, and at avery great expence, to cur Weft- [ndia iflands. Troolies. The leaves are a very va- Tuable produdion, ferving with litle trouble to cover the roofs of houfes ip a very advamiageous manner, as they will effectually exclude the molt via- lent rains, and laft: for many years. Some kind of cord might,. Perhaps, be made with the fibres of thefe Jeaves,-
which ere from 20 to 30 feet infengtb, »
and the fibres ‘run the whole length without any fefions or divifions. The-above account of ufeful plants
is taken fiom Bancroft’s Eifay on the sbzca Biagrapbica, in 3 vols. 8vo. /
66 Cherry of Shottefbrook.—U/sful Plants Fi enbing at Guiana, [Feb.
Natural Hiftory of Guiana; to which I beg to refer the reader for an ac- count of feveral other ufeful plants and trees. The book was printed for’ Becket, in the year 1769. I, W. ee en
Mr. Ursan, Fan. 28. I SHOULD be glad to fee the fol-
lowing account of a very peculiar, or rather miraculous privilege, granted (if you helieve it) tothe members of the convent of Bardfey, preferved «un your valuable Repofitory. Perris.
Notet hic le&tor quoddam, et mira- bile, ot fan4um, et inter mirabilia Wal- li@ in. chronicis annotatum; ad primam gutem monafterii bujus in(plz fundatio- nem: dominus ipfe Deus, qui petitiones cordis joftoram implet, ad | deprecativ- nem fanéts Landavi, primi abbatis ejufdem monatterii, inivit paétum cum ipfo fanéto, ftacuitque ei, et miraculofe confirmavit fibi et faccefforibus fuis clautralibils ibi- dem fandéte et miraculofe vidtaris, in per- petuum, certum, et precftitutum ordinem, et fucceffum (mirabile didtu!) feriatim, moriendi; videlicet, quod eorum major natu, vel ztate grandevior, prius (ut ca, folis ‘tepore et ardoribus maturata, prius vindemiantur ;) morietur; ut, hoc mortis in@tin&tu pizmonitus, ipfe maturior 2- tate, hujus loci quifque canonicus, vigi- Jaret; utique qua hora fur hujus vite venturus effet; ut omni hora prxpara- tus, a corporis érgaftulo, fratribus valedi- cens, eis in coelum prevolaret. Iftudque psétum ipfe fidelis Deus (ut quondam Ifvaelitibus) irruptum fervavit-} dohec clauftrales pradicti religiofe vivere defi- erunt, et fanétuarium Dei ibidem ftu- pro et feeleribus vefande profafiaruet ; ob id quidem rupto Dei feedere; nuuc minor, narc major, minc-eorum. media ze'atis, incerto: mortis tempore, communi mortis jure, bac vita defundius ;., cefla- Vit religio et vita monachalis; ceffavitque et-miraculum: tu autem, Domine, mife- rere noftri.’”” ,
*y* A constant Reaper requefts information refjecting the following cha- raters :—Thumas Keble, efy. ferjeant at law, who dicd about the year 1500; and from the inventory of. whofe effeéis fome extratts were given in Vol, XXVIM. 2¢7. —Hinry Chaviney, fq. who (in a MS, now before os, writren about the year 1630) is ftyled, “ an officer of the Rolls of Chancery in London ; alover of Antiquity,
‘nit’ ‘a ‘worthy: pfeferver of the fame.”’—
Sir “Jofiab Child, who wrote on. Trade ; Owen Ruffhead, editor -of the Statuies ;- Capability Brown; and Thumas Filayd, efy. who, in the year 176c, publithed a Biblice-
Mr.
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£
1799-] Plan and Etevation of & Manfion-Houfe' for Lord Nelfon. 97
Mr. Unsan, Norwich, Jan. 22. 1 VERY much: approve the propotal
in vol. LXVILI. p. 1014, to build by fubfctiption a p'ace of viétory, im honour of our late great naval viélos ties; and | have with pleafure read in the papers accounts of various erece tions intended to be raifed in different parts of the country to the fame purs
fe. I with fome.of them may be Biried into execution; that, when tbe page of Hiftory thall inform pofte: rity of the {plendour of thefe atcheive- ments, they may remain darab'e mo»
huments of the high fenfe which the
country haé entertained of them; and I would particularly recommend, that a noble manfion-houfe be erefled for Lord Nelfon, on a rifing ie a tite tle to the South wet of Burnham market, in Norfolk. This, while it wea d be both an honour and ap orna- ment to the part of the country which gave birth to this great man, would allo be Of ufe to the giant iral 5 who, when we confidershe fmalinefs of his paternal fojtune, and the hort time he has enjoyed his Sovereign’s bounty, cannot be fuppofed to be-in circumftances to be able to expend much money in bu.lding, and who is not in poffetfion of a houfe fuitabie to the dignity of the Peerage. I have, therefore, fent you a plan and eleva- tion of a building defigned for that purpofe (Plate 1.J, which I thall be obliged if you will infert in the Gen- tleman’s Magazine as foon as conve- nient. The priocipal entrance is into a lofty circular veRibule, in which are ftairs which lead to the principal floor. The great hall, which is in the mid- die of the houfe, takes up two ftories, and is lighted by four windows near the top. It is furrounded by four large rooms, and alfo by two {maller Circular oner; one of which would have a fine view of the fea, and the other of a large extent of highly cul- tivated country. Direétly oppelne to the veftibule is an elegant circular flaircafe, which-leads to a gallery round the great hall, by which you erter to the upper chambers.
This houle is of «an ofangular form ; and the veftibule, the ftaircafe, apd the two circular {mall rooms, pro- jet on four of the fides in the manner of porticoes, covered with femi-domes, fupported by four [onic colomns; fo that, having the advantage of agree.
Gent. Maa. February, 1799.
2
able profpe&ts on every fide, the feve- ral frones of this houfe would be ail alike ; and the great dome in the cem- tee, furrounded by the chimneys in the thepe of urns, would have a good effe&. The kitchens and fervants
apartments sre in the bafement-floor
and «w the wings; which, as they woald have been too large for one of your ufual plates, I have omitted ia this drawing. BLAKENEY:
Yo the Presipent and Councit of the Royat Acanemy of Lundon. Lerrer if. (See vol LXVIL. p. 20.)
GENTLEMEN, Fan. 1797+
HE petitioners defire that France may ‘become the univerfity for the Arts of Defign in the following words :—* Ir 1s neceffary that all Na- tions thotiid henceforth borrow the F.re rs from us with the fame eageroefs they formerly imitated our fotliest and, when we fhall have granted them peace, they will be anxious fo come to this country to imitate the wifdom and tafte which thofe works of genius im= part.” But let us fee what advanta- ges of this kind France pcfleffes, or ie hkely to be poff fled of, in compari- fon with laly.
An Univerfity, or fchool, in which all nations are to ftudy the Arts of Defign, thould poffels all poflible af- fiflance to the progrefs and exercife of Painting, Sculpture, and Architec- tore. This fuppofes the greateft number and variety of the moft excel- Jent works on Grecian feulpture, groups, flarues, bufts, and bas-reliefs, in marble and bronze, as likewife gems and medals; of paintings, the yreateft number and variety of antient Greek.and Roman paintings and mo- faics; as alfo the beft of thofe works which have been produced fiance the revival of the Arts. This Univerfity fhould be fituated in a country abounding with buildings erefied from the remote antiquity, through the barbarous ages down to the revi- val of the Grecian orders in the agth Century. Here the fludents of Ar. chiteGture fhould fee and ftudy the palaces, temples, bafilicas, theatres, amphitheatres, baths, aqueducts, foun- tains, tombs, chapels, altars, farcos phagi, or whatever elfe of public or private building or decoration might enabie him to make the moft profound and perfet fludies in his art. The
Painter
‘ 4
Sa
es ee ee ee te
me
—
ee
a
—
uo + RE
68 France not calculated for an Univerfity for the Arts of Defign. (Feb.
Painter and Sculptor thould be excited by che objects to a habit of copying fine living models; they fhould have eafy accefs to able matters for inftrue- tion; ‘the local fituation of fuch a
Schoo! fhould be connected with the |
claffical hiftory of the works which it contains, in order that the natural connexion between the Arts of De- fign and the Belles Lettres may be preferved. The very climate itfelf Should be favourable to grand forms of constenance and perfon, to the limbs being more uncovered than in colder’ countries, to carelefs and va- riegated groups and afions and flowing draperies. This School of Arr thould likewife lie in the high road to Greece and Egypt, Syria, Balbec, and Pal. myra, to enable fuch as would ftudy Art and Science at their fource to make the eafier journeys into thofle countrits, Now, as Italy is the only country in the wor!d that has all thefe advanra-
es, it is evident that isthe Univerfiry in which all nations muft fiudy the Arts of Defign.
France, on the contrary, wants them all in commof with her neigh- bours. In France there is no feries of Greek and Roman buildings for architects to fludy ; in Brance there js no colleétion of antique fcu!pture worth notice; may, in this ref{pe&,
erhaps, Englend, Saxony; Pruffia, Ruflie, and Spain, excel her; for, in thofe countries, there are very fine colleétions of antient fculp’ure, note withflanding that all the firft, fecond, and perhaps third clafs, remain in Traly, where every true lover of Acts and Letiers muft hope they may long continue. There is certainly an ex- tenlive and valuable colleétion of pice
’ gures in Pacis, which will be of the
greateft afiiftanceto Psinters, prepara- tory to their fudies in Rome. Among the works of chiefeft merit are the Luxembourg gallery by Rubens, fome pi@tures of Raphael and Corse- gio, the batles of Le Brun, and the life of ft. Bruno by Le Seur. Butthe printings of preateft excellence, upon the fiudy of which alone an hiltorical painter can hope tp become great, re- main in Italy; and there the bett of them muft remain, as their fizes are enormous, and they are painted on walls. The paintings which I allude to are Michael Angelo’s Lafi Judpe- ment, and celing in the Capetia § {- sini; the martyrdom of St. Peter, and
<
the converfion of St. Paul, in the Ga- pella Paulini, by the fame artift; the chambers of Raphael in the Vatican ; the chapel painted by Signorelli, at Orvierto; the paintings of Titian, ia the Ducal palace of Venice; and the domes by Corregio and Parmegiano &c. &e, ; to which I may add the an- tient paintings at Nap'es, for thefe are io Italy, though not of the number of immoveables. If to the objeAlions al- ready ftated we add the difadvantages of the climate and local fituation of France, in comparifon with Italy, we hall immediately fee, that nothing lefs than a'new difpenfation of Providence, and arrangement of things in this put of the globe, can ever give France the ‘advantages which Italy poffeffes, as an Univerfity for the Arts of Defign.
If it thould appear, from what has been faid, that this fcheme of making France the Univerfity of the world ig ' impra€ticable, as we!] as unreafonable and wnjoft, all the leffer arguments of the petitioners muft of courfe fall to the grounds but, if any one is diffa- tisfied with what has been advanced, although [ could produce other argu. ments, [ could not produce ftronger to convince him.
It would be great and difinterefted in France, as fhe is valiant in war, to be moderate in peace; and co fuffer Italy to remain, as it has been, the Univerfity for all nations to Rudy in, from which fhe will ultimately de- rive much greater advantages, in common with the reft of Europe, than the can in future by difmembering that venerable fchool., Sych an inftance of moderation would fecure to France the praife of the prefent and. future generations; it would prove, that her love for the Fine Arts 1s equal co hee profeffions. Thofe inefiimable col- leétions fh-uld be facred and inviola- bie which are contained in Rome, Fiorence, and Naples, cities fo conve- mently fituated for communicavon with each other, and which, together with the furrcwnding country, make up the great Univesfity of Italy, which may be faid, immediately oc intermediately, to have praduced all the great reflorers of Arts agd Letters, The collections of Rome are not in the fame danger of being difperted as formerly; for, all the fine works of Art, which have been found or pure chated for many years paft, are lodged in the C ementiag mufeum, and be~
5 long
onlin
1999.) Lettir to Royal Académy.—Orig. Letter of Bp. Hoadly. 99
Jong tothe Roman people. The ne- phews of Popes do not now marry into the families’ of crowned heads, and by that means give their powerful rela- tions the plea to feize their collections by inheritance; befides which, the Roman Government will in future permit only duplicates of antique fta+ tues, or inferior works, to pafs out of the flare. I can effure the petitioners, that the Barberini and Giuftiniani col - Je&tions are not “ wholly carried off ;”” it is true thet, a few years back, fome articles were injudicionfly fold out of them, but they are at this time great and valuable colleftions. I can affure them likewife, that four of the beft fta- tues, and fomé other artictes from the Negroni colleétion, are in the Clemen- tine mufeum in Rome. Hav.ng gone through an examination of the object and principal arguments of the peti- tion, it only remains to fay —- concerning thofe by whom it is figned. Several of them are perfons highly eftcemed for their induliry and talents in Painting, Sculpture, and Archi- tefiure. In this latter fludy the French have been particularly fuc- cefsful; and in this place I cannot forbear doing juftice to the mecits of my former friend and feilow-fludent in Rome, Mr. Percier, although he is not of the number of petitioners, He is a man of uncommon virtue, his compofiiions are. the moft beautiful architectural affemblages, bis draw- ings have been much admired, , and fold for confiderable fume in England. From a confiderable knowledge of fe- veral of the petitioners, whilft we pur- fued our fludies at the fame time in Rome, I thall fet down the following anecdote only: About 10 years fince, a Mr, Drouvais died, who was a pen-~ fioner of the French Academy in that city. He was univertally regretted for his extraordinary talents in Painting: his fellow-fiudents, 11 in number, in- fiantly ayreed to honour him with a marbie monumeat. Mr. Michallon, ove of the prefenr petitioners, was the fculptor employed, and nobly gave his labour, _The other ftudents paid by fub{cription for the marble and other expences out of their little penfions of 6i. per week, allowed by their Go- vernment to each, exclufive of their board aod lodging in the Academy. The defign was the fide of a large al- tar; the ned:ment prefented a medal- lion of the deceafed; on the dado
were three fizures in bas-relief; Paint» ing wrote his name; Sculpture fup* pore her arm; and Architeéture ooked on with a mournful counte- nance. I have introduced this anecdote, to inform Englithmen of particular virtues and talents in an enemy’s couns try, which otherwife might not be fo generally known ;:and to let Frenche — men. fee, that we can acknowledge whatever is ‘praife-worthy in them with as much zeal as they would themfelves. I have only‘to add my earneft wifhes, as an Englithman and areal lover of my country, that we may in future cultivate the Arts of D.figa with as much fervour and la- bour, as indefatigably to bring them to perfedtion, as the French have done, by thofe means only which are juft and honourable. I have the honour to be, &c, J. Fhaxman, Sculpior,
Mr. UrnBAN, . Feb. 1. HE three letters which accom- pany this muft certainly be an
agreeable treat to yourreaders, They are from two of the moft fhining orna- ments of the Epifcopal Bench to a Prime Minifter; and are remarkable for the dignified mannet in which one of them requefts a Tranflation; and the other accepts a vacant See. A fourth, from the famous Dutchefs of Marlborough, in the charaéter of Ran- ger of Wiodfor Park, is alfoa curios ficy, Their genunenefs is unquef~ tionabla; and you may engrave, if you pleafe, the ignatures. To the friend from whom I received them they were communicated by the late Earl of Ors ford. Yours, &c. M. Green,
1. The Bifhop of Salifhury [Hoadly] to Sir Robert Walpole, Stry Salofoury, Fuly 14, 1733.
* T beg leave to Je: you know that I had, about tefdays ago, a letter from my Lord Barrington, dated from Berwick; the principal contents of which I muft jut mention to you, and then fhall (as I ought) leave it entirely to you to confider what is proper on your part. He fays that he has met witha reception and encour ragement beyond his higheft expectations ; that Col. Lyddel is fecure; that Lord Pol- waith’s iotereft is in a very hazardous way by the acknowledgement of his owa fricads ; that Gen. Sabine has given up his pretenfions, and that there is not the leaft room for a fourth candidate; twat there are about 20 votes depending upon the,Go- vernment, with inclinattons. to him, but fears infinvated inw them of lofing their bread
(
100 Letters frem Bps. Hoadly and Butter te Sir R. Walpole. [Feb,
' bread if they vote for him ; that it would Chelfea, the reception 1 met with was fu be of the greateft fervice to him to have exceedingly obliging, and your voluntary that difficulty removed, and fo many votes expreffions, upon the fuppofition of that added to his intereft. He quotes you as vacancy, were fo hearty and fo ftrong faying, alittle while ago, that you did not (even affuring mc that my fuccefs was re- oppofe bim, but was only for the old members; ally as certain as if { wese in poffefion), and hopes from theuce that, Gen. Sabine that it would, E think, be perfeélly ftupid having defified, you may grant him this as to myfelf, and highly ungrateful to you, favour. Nay, he goes on to hope that Col. if I could fit filent in focritical a time, and
Lyddel would favour him with fome of not fuffer myfelf td exprefs to you the
Hy! thofe votes which he unneceffarily keeps fenfe I have of the kind profeffions I
If now as fingle votes, if he thought that have been favoured with, and my full per-
Lord B’s eleftign would be more accep- fuafion of the truth and hononr of the per-
table to you than Lord Polwarth’s, whe fon who madethem. This is the end of
may get advantage by that conduct in the my interrupting you, Sir, at this time—
Colonel, I fhall make my letter as long as pot wo torment fo great a friend with ime
his if I fhould go on much farther. I thall pertinent folicitations, but to thank him
only add, that he is fo weak as to a for his having fo generoufly prevented alt that I have an intereff powerful enough to do folicitations—not to plague him with pre-
I know not what. For my own past, tenfions and titks to favour, flender in | 1 could not avoid reprefenting the cafe to themfelves, and perhaps magnified only by you as he has reprefental! it tome; and the fondhefs of felf-love ; but to acknow-
Wi eannot think it right to beg any thing of ledge my own ‘happinefs in that better
you but that you will be as favourable as claim which his own mouth and kindeft
th
you yourfelf think it reafonable to be. I profeffions have given me: Sir, it would find, he is in, and muft now go through, be the higheft indignity towards you if I and that he has a number of good friends did not, upon this occafion, repofe myfelf
there, I forgot to fay, that hecitesher without uneafinefs or doubt upon you,
| Majefty’s faying, that it would be hard to Giye me leave only to add one word— i oppo.e him; which I remember fome- that, as your bringing this affair to an end, ii! thing of at the time when the aftajr of the in the manner in which you are ufed te do ij Diflenter’s was compofed at London by his kindnefles to thofe you are willing ‘to }
affiftance at laft, amongtt otvers. But no oblige, is all that remains for me to with;
Hy more of this. {6, when it is done, I traft you will not 1) “ When I had laft the honour of feeing be unthanked by a// the world; and [ ana i} you, E forgot to make an apology for my fure, for myfelf, | thall fudy, through # troabling you a little while ago with two my life, to fhew myfelf in an uncommon t letters, about the jewel-office and the manuer, and upon all poltible occafions, d Garter affair. You, who have nothing to Sitgyour moft faithful and obedient fer- i} dv with thofe mutters, might wouler at it, vant, Benj. Sarum.
it you were not informed that the Duke of “ A word from you will find me in Graftou, who came ta me upon thai fub- Grofvenor-ftreec after Saturday next.” ti | ject, and was gomg into Suffolk, told me 3. From Dr. Butler to Sir Robert Wal-
" , be came directly from you; and that I » On being. nominsted Bithop of lz muft give an account of whatever I found riftal on’ the former recommendation H neceffary to you in his abfence, ’ of Queen Caroline.
if “1 think fit ju co fay, that Sir Ed, “Sin, Stanhope, Aug, the 28rb, 1738.
i Defbouverie’s intereft has been carefully 1 received yefterday from your own | aud fuccefstully managed.in this City fiuce hand (an honour which 1 ought very par- /
the la@ eleétion, and (as I am informed) teularly to acknowledge) the information is now fo freng that there is indeed no that the King had nominated me to the bi- talk among® any perfous of the old mem- — fhoprick of Briftul. Lmofttruly think myfelf bers. very highly obliged tohis Majetty, as much, _ “ beg pardon for this long imteriup- all things confidered, as any fubje@ in his
sion; and am, with a great and fincere re- dominions; for, | know no greater obli-
i gard, fir, your moft fitful humble fers — gation than to fiud the Queen’s condefcend- it vant, B.SanuM.” ing gooduefs and kind mtentions towards Biom the fame Birhop. me traosterred to Ins Majcfty. Nor 1s it
Hearing from al! bands the deiperate — gratefultnfe of his favour to me, whether
ty condition in which the ‘Bthop of Win~ the effects of it be greater or lefs; fur, | cietter is (if not already deat), I iacer this mutt in fome meafure depend upon
myfelf you will not take it amils that accideiits. Indeed, t: ¢ bithoprick of Brif- ‘L exprefs to you, upon this occafiony my “iol is not very fuitable either to the cone entue dependence upon thofe kin words dition of my fortune, or the cireumftances you have often faid to me upon this tubj-ét. of my preferment; nor, 2s I thould have | When I Jatt had the honuur to fee sou at thovgtt, anfwerable to the recommena-
‘ 3 i10n
th ms | . | “San, «tug. $,1734- —_poflible while | live to he without the mott '
“
it
dbs
8. ya re on Die elf chy his plie nde rds s it yott her for, th fe cue nces have nae i0n
tion with.which I was honoured. But you will excufe me, Sir, if 1 think of this laft with greater fenfibility than the conduct of affairs will admit of,
“* But, without entering farther into any detail, I defire, Sir, you will pleale to let his Majefty know, that I humbly accept of this inftauce of tis favour with the urmift poffible graitude.
“1 beg leave alfo, Sir, to return you ty humble thanks for your good offices upon this and all occafions ; and for your very obliging expreffions of regard to, Sir, your moft obedient, moft faithful, and moft humble fervant, Jo. Burien.
«* By means of my diftance from Dur- ham, I had not yours, Sir, till yeflerday; fo that this is the fir poi L could anfwer. ig’?
4. “Sir, ae Fan. 35
66 As I am very unfortunately, from a lamenefs which { defpair of ever getting the betcer of, prevented from paying my duty in perfon to his Majefty, 1 muft beg leave to defire you to lay before him a matter, which, I think, of fome confequence to his Majefty’s Great Park at Windfor.
Phe keepers of it inf.am me that, by his majefty’s directions, a great quantity of red deer are already fent thither, and many more are every day expected. I imagine that his Majetty cannet be fully apprized of the detrim@nt this will be to the Park in general, where there was at leatt a hundred red deer trém Old Windfor wood before this augmentation, For, though the Park is large, yet the great quantity of woods and roads takes up a great part of it, and the greatett part of the land extremely bad; fo that, of courfe, the fallow deer muft faffer; many of them will be ftarved and die; and (carce any will remain fit to be ferved in purfu- ance of his Majefty’s warrants,
“1 semember the old Marquis of Wharton made a prefent to the Duke of Mariborovugh of all his red deer, which was to prevent the mifchief they did in his lordthip’s own park. And when the Duke of Marlborough found they did fo much mifchief at Buenheim, he prefented them to the late king, to put into his majelty’s forefts. :
“ There are a great many red deer in Windfor forett ; and I tage been told, that Baptft Nunn takes case of them at Swin- ley rails, where, 1 fappofe, there are few or no: fallow deer to be prejudiced by the ted deer,
“ The hay, neceffary to fodder the deer in Windfor park in the winter, is macg from certain meadows inciofed with a fence, tut not firong or high evough to keep out the red deer, which will eafily leap over, and totally deftroy the grafs
1999.) Letter from Duchefs of Marlborovgh to Sir RR. Waloole. 101
that fhould be preferved for hay for ths fallow deer. mf
1 believe [ need not inform you, Sir, that I-get nothing by being Ranger. of that
Park but a very pretty plaice to live ing)
which I have made fo with a great fim of mouey of my own, F do. indeed fome- . times keep a few runts for my own tables not fy many cows for milk as fome of the
underskeepers have; fome horfes that do,
the bufinefs of the Park; and fome few have a running for paft fervices, not to knock them onthe head becaufe they can do no more. But I need not fay move upon this head, being perfaaded that
do me the juttice to believe that I detpife any pitiful advantages that many have made who liave been rangers.of parks. And, jf I were to lay before bis Majelty my bills of the annual expence | am oblie ged to on account of this Park, I am pete fuaded he would be convinced of the truth of what I have faid.
“ Befides this, you will be pleafed to remember, that near three years allow- ance for this Bark, in his late Majefty's teign, are ttill due to me, and tikewife the expence I was at for repairs in the Park, wiich of yourfelf you told Me. Withers it was reafavable I thould be paid. And he told me you direéted him to pay mye, thoygh to this hour { never had it. Thefe accidents, the taxes, and fees belonging to the allowance, make it not defirabic but for the reafons given.
“ {am far from urging this with any view to my own intereft: the only mo- tive that engages me to lay thig before bis Majetty is to.do my duty; aad Chat L may be f{nre of not being reproached, when the coniequences are feen, fur nat having re- prefented thefe matters in time.
“ Tt is this that has laid me under a ne~ ceffity of being troublefame to you in this particular ; and of afluring you that { ans, Sir, your very humble fervaut,
. “S, Marusonoucs.”
Mr. Urnpan, Fan. 2. I SHOULD be glad to fee a clear definition of thefe terms, ‘‘ window of fix days,” and orjel window, as mene tioned in vol, LXVILL pp. 762, 765. An Archite& (pp. 764, 926) lays the publick under great obligations by the propriety and juftice of his 1e- maikson the Purfuits of Architeétural Innovation; and grievous would it be if the common-p ace {neers of every trifling “ renegado” were to fucceed in checking the honefi endeavours of a ftaunch Ant:quary. Yet the “ Are chirect” will permit me co doubt whee ther that fpecics of fiyle, in which the pointed arch is the feading fezture, " Cab,
i
= = 3
a ae
= ~
Fa ee
~
ean, with. ftrift propriety, be called the Norman ftyie. Our Norman con- querors,’as T apprehend, made ufe of the Sxxon or ronnd arch only, io Eng- land as well as Normandy, in the reign of the Corqueror, and during
feveral fucceffive reigns; and it feems.
that the pointed arch was not introdu- ced here till after the death of King Stephen. Surely, then, the roukd arch was the leading feature of the
. true Norman fiyie, which feems mere-
-
to have been.an improvement on
e ruder fiyle of the Saxons, It muft beallowed, that the poiated arch was introduced here by the defcendants of Normans, probably by Norman ar- chite&ts, and poffibly fometimes built of Norman flone; yet may it not ne- werthielefs (and 1 afk for information ovly)* with greater propriety retain its Gotbi¢ name, on account of having been adopted by the defcendants of Goths, in a Gothic age, generally the ut Gothic Europe? Though this Ayle was adopted in England whilftits kings were dukes of Nor- mandy, is these any proof, except by inference, that Normandy took the bead of us in this particular intiance of the pointed arch? At all events, fure- by, this flyle fhould bear the name of the firth inveniors, or of that nation from which it was borrowed by the Gothic nations of Europe,
It is Thy opinion, thar both the Au- thor and the Reviewer, p. 972, are right in their notions, though the late tes may have foimed his. opinion in she fiudy rather chan the nurfery,; from books rather than from reai life. Mott jofapes,: through love of aftion, if not prevented, »wiil be guilty. of /ome hougtelefs:crucity; and it is From perfeverance only, after ferious admo- nitiony.that the moft notorious inhu- manity is-to'We apprehended. This 1 take‘to. be the yeneral rule, liable to many exceptions... L once hezid a great boy boat, thoughtlfly, how
pimbly he hath made a hedgehog un-
rollvitielf on-a buraing brick-kila! ‘Yet this fame boy (untike Nero and Domitian) was otherwife of a mild difpafition, proving bimfe!f nor oaly @ dutiful fon, but « kind hufband and father. H. H.
Mr. URBAN Jan. 5. Ble tune reading lately Shek (pcare’s Lite of Henry VIN.” L was fo much ftricken with the conformity of
‘202 Gothic Style, Taxes levied in the Reign of Henry VII. [ Feb,
the following paffages to fome citcum- flances of the prefent times, chat I have tran{cribed it for your infertion 5 not however to incite, but to reprefs murmurings and difcontents at the heavy burthens which the neceffities of the State feem at the prefent crifis indefpenfably to require, For, having been induced to refer to Rapin’s Hil- tory of that king’s reign for a more circumftantial account of the taxations aliuded to by our great Dramatic Poet, IL had the fatisfa€tion of finding that they were not reprobated fo much from the feverity as from the sdlegality of their impofition. 1 fhall, there- fore, beg leave to add a fhoit account of the number and the naturé of the loans and fubfidies granted to Henry VIII; by which ut will be feen, that the prefent incomt bill, now fo much agitated in and out of parliament, is nut fo novel nor fo grievous as many may perhaps apprehend.
Anno i512. The parliament grante ed a fubfidy of two fifteenths from the Commons, and two tenths from the Ciergy, to enable the king to enter into a war with Frauce; a war that was undertaken folely to oblige the Pope, without the inter+ft or concern of the People of” En,land. Though very unfuccefsfully commenced, yet he was deluded by his foreign allies to perfevere ; and onthe 4th of No- vember, in the fame year, the Come mons, without examining too clofely the reafons which induced him to take arms, gran’ed hima farther fub- fidy of two fifteenths and four demies, andaifoa poll-taxupoo all his fubjedts, for the expence of the war. Now, a fifteenth was a tax of money lard upon acity, borough, or other town, through the realm, being a fifteenth of the amount of its antrent valuation, and was” therefore readily * afvertained. But a general fubtidy was raifed upon every particular man’s goods or lands, and therefore was as uncertain as every individual’s eflate. In the poll- tax every duke was to pay cen marks, an earl five pounds,. a lord fowe pounds, a koight tour marks; every men vatued at Sool. in goods four marks; and fo, after that rate, down to him who had forty fhillings in wae ges, who paid twelve pence; after which evesy on? above filtcen yeers of age paid four pence, Heavy as thefe contributions were, they do not feem to have created much yaeafinefs, be
caule
a ae a Oh
aS ee eS
1999.] Account of Taxes levied in the Reign of Henry VIM. 103
caufe they were legally granted by patliament, But, in the vear 1522, Henry having again, without canfe, proclaimed war againit France, he did not dare co call a parliament to de- mand a fubfidy. However, money muft be railed; and it was, Cardinal Wolfey’s bufinefs, who had embarked him in the war, to find means, The expedient he thought moft proper wis, to order the therffs to make a lift of the names of all above fixteen years old, with an exa& account of what each perfon was worth in hand, flock, moveables, aod money.. This was fuch a furvey as was former'y taken in the reign of William the Conque- ror, and had given fo great caule of complaint, to the natioao, This was followed by a general Joan of a tenth of his lay fubjeéts, and a fourth of the Clergy, acording to the true va ve of their eflares, ** Thus one injuftice,”’ continues the hiftorian, ‘* commonly draws on another, This war was ma- nifeftly unjuft, and became ftill more fo by the means employed to maintain it. For thefe kinds of involuntary loans, to which certain kings of Eng- land have fometimés forced their fub- jeQts, are a manifelt violation of the privileges of the pecple, and tend di- rectly co arbitrary power. If the king may obbige his fubjeéts to furnith him with money, when he fhall think ne- ceflary, though it be by, way of benevo- lence or loan, it may be affured, he will very feldom, or perhaps never, think himfelf obliged to call a parliament. Lt is true Henry was neither the firft nor the latt that ufed this extravidinary method to raife money. But, though he was fo fotvunacg as to receive no prejudice by it, fome of his fucceflors, who were pleafed to imitate him, were not fo happy.
This general loan made a great noife over ail the kingdom. Every one openly exclaimed againft the Cardinal, who was the author. But he litle re- garded the peopie’s climours, becaule he was fupporced by the King.. How- ever, though at firft he had given or- ders to exatt loans with the fame re gour as if they had been a tex impoted by the parliament, he met with fo ma-’ By obftacles thar he was apprehenfive of raifing in the kingdom commotions hot tobe appeated at his pleature, So the tax was levied much more gent y than at fictt was intended, Ths cau- fod fo geat a milt-ke inthe Caidinal’s
calculation, that the King was:forced | at lalt tovecur to the -ufual method of
a parliament to maintaio the war.
The London merchants were the mok - firenyous oppofers of the levying this tax. They were required to declare upon oath the real value of their ef. fe&ls ;° but they firmly refufed.it, ale leging,it was not poflible for them togive an.exa& account of their effeAs,: pare whereof was in the hands of their cor- re{pondents in foreign countries; At
length, by agreement, the King was
pleated to accept.of a fum according to their own calculation of themfelves,
The extraordinary method .ufed by the Cardinal. to. raife money having been very difagreeable tothe Englith, he judged it more proper to proceed for the future in the ufual ways and, therefore, the king fumnoned a par- liament, April 15,1523. The Cardinal by influence and intrigue exaSted from the Clergy a contiderable (ubfidy ; but he could not obtain fiom the Com- mons but one half of what was de~ manded, However, fome addition was afterwards made. At,firft, every man of 201, a year was to pay 28. ta: the pound; and from zol. downwards to 49%. a year 1S, in the pound; and,
under 4058, every head of 16 years old,
or more, 4d. intwo years. But af~ terwards, shofe of sol. a year and ap-, wards were induced to give 18, more for three years to come; which, at length, being continued to the fourth year, and extended to thofe who.were woith «!. it goods, was alfthat could be obtained,
Wolfley was now raifed tothe high- eft point of grandeur and power that a fubje&t cou!d afpire to: nothing ma- terial was tranfadted either ig {pirituals or temporals but by his fole direction. So many advantages were but too cae pable of rendering him proud and ine, folent. He Jooked upon the King’s fubjets as lives; and, unfortunaely for them, icfpired the King by des grees with the fame principles, avd infinvated to him, that he ought to confider the Pasliament only a8 10. ine firument toexecute his will. Thefe infinuations were but too effectual. In order torender him independent of the parliament, he perfuaded him to exadk trom tis fubjecis, at once, the fubhdy given by parliament, and payable in fous yerts.
In 3523, Henry having apain oceas ficn tor monsy, committed the saifing
ut
: y . ‘i
=
,
of ito Cardinal Wolfey’s care. But Wolfey was too haughty to expule himfelf again to a retufal or conte ft with the Houle of Commons, as kt had once betore happened. So, re- folving to ufe a fpeedier means, and more agreeable to his temper, he granted commifions, in the King’s name, tothe moft confiderable perfons in each county, to levy, throeghout the kingdom, the fixth part of every Jayman’s goods, and the four:h of the Clergy’s.. Thefe commititons were no fooner publithed but the nation was in a great fermentation. This method of raihog money was univerfally deem- ed a manifeft breach of Magna Char- ta, and an encroachment of fo yreat confequence, that there was like to have been a general rebellion. The King, being informed of it, immedi- ately iffued ove a proclamation difa- vowing thefe commiffions, which had been publithed. in his names and he afterwards declared, in full council, that his intention was not to punith any of thofe perfons whp had been im- prifoned for thefe commotions. The Cardinal, perceiving the Kiny threw «11 the blame upon him, vibdicated him felf as well as he cou'd without accu. fing che King, alleging he had the
_, opinion of she Judges for what he bad
don. But, it fuch an excufe were admitted, st would be no longer ne- ceilery for a King of England to apply to the Parliament for money ; beeaufe, the Judges being appoimed by the King, it might be very preéticable to have the'r opinion on his fide. And, though Judges have been fo hardy as to decide points of this confequence, as in the reigns of Richard IL. Coa. I. and James LI. very few elcap d the perithment duc totheir prefumption.”
This, Mr. Urban, is the very cir- cumftance alluded to by Shakfpeare ; trow which it 1s clear that thefe con- pias did not proceed fo much from the weight as from the illegality of this mode of taxation, And accord- ingly we find, that though Henry did nor cail upon his fubjcéts again for 12 years‘after, yet, in the year 1534, the Pa: hiament-gianted him a fubtidy of a tenth and a fifteenth, to be paid in three years; which, like the ret of his parlamentory grants, feems to have been peaceably levied, In the year 1540, during a time of peace, the Cergy effered the King a fublity of 4% io the pound ; but the Commons
304 Account of Tames levied in the Reign of Henry Vill. (Feb,
were not fo ready when the King ap- plied to them with a demand of more money. After fome oppofition, how- ever, they granted him a fubfidy as large as if he had been aétually en- gaged in war, wiz. a tenth, being 2s. in the pound of lands, and 12 pence of goods, and four fifreenths. Anno 1543, the Parliament granted the King another fubfidy, which was as follows: every perfon worth zol. and upwards in goods paid 28.; from 2ol, to 101, fix-pence; from 101. to sl. eight pence; from sl. to 20s. four pence ; they that were worth 201. and up- wards in lands, fees, or annaities, paid 33. in the pound; from 2ol. to 101, two fhillings; frem 1ol. to sl. fixe teen pence; from 5!. to 205. eight. pence. All thefe were doubled on Arangers. The Clergy alfo granted a fublidy of 6s. in the pound ; and every prieft, having but an annual flipend, was to pay 6s. 8d. Thefe feveral fub- fidies were to be paid in three years. Anno 1545, the Clergy continued for two years the fubfidy they had given for fix; and, at the fame time, the Parliament fupprefied all the colleges and hofpitals, and gave their lands, to ap immenfe am-unt, tu the King. But all this not fufficing the King’s wants, the Commons granted him moreover 48. in the pound of lands, and 2s. 8d. of goods, to be paid in two years. Upon which, at the end of the feffion, the King made a fine fpeech, full of fisttersny expreffions towards himfelf aod his people; which, though far for the mofl part from the truth, were received with, loud acclamations. Yours, &c. ALCESTRIENGIS.
From Shakfpeare’s Life of Henry the E ghth, aét. I. fe. IL. fol. edit. 1632.
Queen, 1 am Solicited, not by a few,
Anu thofe of true condition, that your fub- jes [commi,
Are in great grievance; there have been
Sent down among ’em, which have flaw’d the heart
Of all their loyalties; wherein, although,
My good Lord Cardinal, they vent re- proaches
Mott bitterly on you, as putter on
Of thefe exaétions; yet the King our mafter,
Whofe honour Heaven thield from foil, even he efcapes not [breaks
Language unmannerly ; yea, fach which ‘Tine fides of loyalty, and almoft appears In loud rebellion, p Norfusk Not almof appears, lt doth appear; for, upon thefe a he
The clothiers all, not able to maintain
The many to them_b’longing, have put off
The fpiniters, carders, fullers, weavers, who, , ,
Unfit for other life, compell’d by hunger
And flack of other means, in defperate manner [uproar,
Daring th’ event to the teeth, are ail in
And Danger ferves among them.
King. Taxation !
Wherein ? and what taxation? My Lord Cardinal,
You that are blam’d for it alike with us,
Know you of this taxation ?
. Cardinal. Pleafe you, fir,
I know but of a fingle part, in aught [file
Pertains to th’ ftate; and front but in chat
* Where others tell iteps with me.
Queen. No! my lord! ‘You kaow no more than others! But you frame [not wholefome
Things that are known alike; which are Tothofewhich would not know them, and yet muft [exaétions Perforce be their acquaintance. Thefe (Whereof my Sovereign would have note) they are [’em, Moft peftilent to th’ hearing, and to beat The back is facrifice ty th’ load. They fay They are devifed by you, or elfe you fuffer Too hard an exclamation.
King. Still exaétion ! The nature of it? in what kind let’s know Is this exaétion ?
Queen, I am much too venturous In tempting of your patience, bat am
bolden’d [grief Under your promis’d pardon. The fubjeét’s Comes through commiffions, which compels from each The fixth part of his fubftance, to be levied Without delay ; and the pretence for this Is nam’d, your wars in France : this makes bold mouths : [treeze Tongues {pit their dutiés out, and cold hearts Allegiance inthem; their curfes now Live where their prayers did: and it’s coms to pafs, This traétable obedience is a flave To each incenfed will, 1 would your highnefs Would give it quick confideration ; for, There is no primer bafenefs.
King. By my life! This is againft our pleafure. Cardinal. And for me,
T have no farther gone in,this than by
A fingle voice ; and that not paft me but
By learned approbation of the judges: if I am [ther know
Traduc'd by ignorant tongues, which nei-
My faculties nor perfon, yet will be
The chronicles of my doing; let me fay,
’Tis but the fate of place, and the rough brake {not flint
That virtue muft go through. We mutt
Gext. Maa. February, 1799s
3
1799-] Account of Taxes levied in the Reign'of Henry VIII, 105
Our neceffary aétions, in the fear To cope malicious ceufurers, ... + «
. > . . . . - . e . .
° . 7 + . . King. Things done well, And with a care, exempt themfelves from fear: [fue
Things done without example, in their if« Ace to be fear’d. Have you a precedent Of this commiffion’? I believe not any. We mutt not rend our fubjeéts from our
laws, [of each f And ftick them in our will. Sixb part A trembling contribution! .....4.
Mr. Urnnan, A*/agton, June at,
1798. FMMEDIATELY on reading the gentleman’s letter, under the figna- ture of A Friend of the Animal Crea tion, LKVIII.392,whofe neighbouring common is peftered with that noxious animal the viper, I had recourfe tothe bet authorities I had on the fubje& ; where I find the fuppofition fcouted of the fat of the biter being neceflary for the cure of the man, or other animal, bitten, equally with the liver of the mad dog for the fame purpofe. For, I beg leave to affure him, on the aus thority of Dr. Mead, * the volatile falts of vipers are alone fufficient to do the work, if given in due time, juft quantities, and often repeated ; efpeci- ally if encouraged by moderate {weats,” And he inftances a cure thereby after an i@erus, or jaundice, had taken place. He fays, “ our viper-catchers have a cure on which they fo confidently rely, as to be no more afraid of a bite than of any common fcratch; and, though they keep it a profound fecret, upon ftri& enquiry, he found it to be no other than the axungia viperiani prefently rubbed into the wound. To convince himfelf of its efficacy, he en« raged a viper to bite a young dog by the nofe. Boththe teeth (or fangs) were firuck deep in, and he howled bitterly ; and the part began to f{well. He diligently applied the axungia, and he was well the next day. But, bee caufe fome gentlemen impoted the cure more to the dog’s {pittle (he lick ing the wound) than to the virtue of the fat, he caufed him to be bitten in the tongue, forbearing the ufe of the remedy, and he died in four or five houfs. The venomous juice of the viper is voided ip one diop, that does the milchief; and, for this reas fon}
——————
106
fon, authors have contented them- felves.with trials of the bite upon fe- veral animals, without effaying to ex- amine the texture of the liquor. itfelf. For this purpofe he often, by holding a@ viper edvantageoufly, wary 2a it ill it ftiuck out its teeth upon fomewhat folid, fo as to void its poifon, which carefully putting upon a gla/s plate, with a microfcope he nicely viewed its parts and compofition.” See Mead on Poifons, &c. &c. Fenton’s and Holden’s Annot. on Pfalm | viii. ; Galen, in his book de temperamentts, fays, * nothing has the fame power upon the human body outwardly as inwardiy: thus, meither the venom of the viper, nor of the afp, nor the frothy fpittle of the mad dog, are alike miichievous when they fall upon the fkin, or enter into the flomach, as when outwardly communicated by a wound.” So mueh for the eure; but, as prevention is better, as the Ltalian roverb fays, I will now. prefent the Friend of Animal Creation with the method of drawing their teeth, which renders them harmle/s; a3 1 {aw it done by a wipsr-catcher one Sunday morn- ing early, 40 years ago, in the City Mall, Moorfields: He took fome oung vipers out of a bag, and fang ed them cautioufly with a piece of old ftocking by the middle; then he enraged them, as Dr. Mead fays, by putting a piece of red cloth to their beads, which they feem fearful of be- ing Sruifed by; and they violently darted their teeth into it, The ope- rator then pulled the viper one way, and the cloth the other, which he next examined, and finding the teeth there, he put them within his thirt bofom, as faft as he undid them. In this man- ner he was exhibiting, and colle&ed fome pence. ‘* Now,” faid he, ** they are ready for the apothecaries.” They were young, of a grig colour, about the fize of one’s little finger; when firiped, ,hey are at maturity, Fenton erroneoufly fays, they love to faften their ceeth in the cloth. He is alfo wrong in faying this method is ufed with inekes, becaufe they are eviparous, and breed their young by Lrowding on them curled round, and are mot vewomous ; but the viper is vive- parous, and brings forth its young alive, which into the dam make their re- treat, on the leaft approach of danger, en hearing the maternal hifs. Lremember a man in Derby hiire,
$
An Anfwer to A Friend of the Animal Creation.
[Feb,
tired with labour, fept under a tree. On awaking, he found a large fnake curled round his leg. He inftantly got up, and ftamped his foot to the pa on which the uncurled her- elf, and thot-away like an arrow from abow. This they do (7. @. twift a- bout fomething round) to loofen their flough when they get old, which they then caft. He found its flough the next day on the dunghill, on which he had been at work. He had recei- ved no hurt, but was much alarmed.
A neighbour of mine, a few months ago, was going through Hyde-park with his dog; which, on feeing a {mall rough little white cur of his own fpe- cies, ran after him to play with him, when the little one, being mad, bit him ; on which he cried, and, with his tail between’ his legs, ran. to his mafter, the mad creature purfuing him, fo that my friend had much ado to efcape being bitten himélf, as he unluckily had no ftick. As the dog frothed much at the mouth, the de- feated animal being a valuable crea- ture,
“ The trufty guard,
Both of his mafter’s houfe and yard,” pe loft no time, but took him that day o the gunpowder-mills at Hounflow, where, by the hands of the workmen, he underwent a fevere bathing in their falt-petre pits, fo much fo that it was with fatigue and difficulty the poor creature was got home. He has, however, efcaped the canine madnefs, and remains well, Mr. Urban’s in- ferting this remedy, mot generally known, may have is ufe.
Yours, &c. TF. OsBorne.
Mr. Urzan, Fan. 19. A FRIEND of mine, who is dee {cended from Mr. J. Athton, is in poffeifion of ‘a ribband, which, ac- cording to a tradition in his family, was worn by King Charles L. when he went toexecution, The tradition bas | gained the more credit, becaufe of the offices which Mr. Afhton held wader Charles I]. and James I1.; the favour which he experienced from them; and his attachment to the caale of the Stuarts; for, he was paymafter of
‘penfions to the former, and privy purfe
to the latter, who created his fon a ba ronet after his abdication. He was himfelf executed in the reign of Wil-
liam IL]. for am attempt to bring back James IL
The
i
1999.) King Charles’s Ribband.—Hiftory of Phy/ftagnomy. 107
"Fhe ribband .is of a fky blue colour,
with feveral ftains faid to have been occafioned by the blood of the mo- narch. There are in the fame family feveral. other reliques; fuch as a clock, faid to have once belonged to Charles Hs a filver fouff-box with a piece of the royal oak fet in its lid ; and a very fine miniature painting of the Pretender when a child. The clock is remarkable for never ftriking more than four, and yet expprefiing the hour of the day. It has two bells, and firikes according to the Roman figures, vpon the {mailer for every unit, and upon the larger for every V.
I fhould be much obliged to any of your correfpondeats who could tell me, whether there is any reafon to fuppofe, that this. is the identical rib- band which King Charles wore, or whether there is any evidence to dif- prove its identity.
Fiom old piétures it appears, that the ribband worn by the Knights of the Garter was formerly of a dky-blue colour, and worn round the neck; and, even in the modern defcription of the infgnia of that order, the rib- band is reprefented as of a tky-blue colour ;, whereas it is now of a dark- blue, and worn over the left fhoulder. Qu. When did thefe alterations take place ? Z,
HISTORY OF PHYSIOGNOMY. LETTER XV.
APTISTA Porta, every time he
gives a repetition of the fame en- graving, means to fhew a new iikenefs in fome feature or other (though im this attempt the does not always lucceed) ; eximpli gratia, ina cepper-plate now before me, and which he repeats four times, he:shinks to give a ftriking likee nefs between a buman countenance and the face of an ox. In the firft plate he fhews the likenefs between a bu- man forehead and that of an ox; in the fecond he demonftrates the fimili- tude between the nofe of the man and that of the ox; in the third, he fhews a likenefs between the large face of man and that of the ox; in the fourth, he proves a likenefs between what he calls the * carnofitas,” or flethinefs of the face, of the fame ani- mal and that of a man; and afferts, that men of this deteriprion refemble oxen in flownefs of motion aod in duloefs of conception. Porta iike- wile gives a copper-place refemblance
between the face of a man, and that of a bull; which he repeats three times. In the firft, he thews a like~ nefs between the ftern (or as he calls it cloudy) forehead of a bull and that of aman; in the fecond, the refeme ' blance is traced between the wide noftrils ; and,,in the third, between the thick neck of the bull and of the man; and he afferts, that fuch men refemble bulls in anger, as is exprefled by the wide noftrils; and, in the {trength expreffed by the denfe neck. I have, Mr, Urban, feen many ftout athletic men with taurine afpeéts, and have always obferved fuch to have taurine difpofitions likewife, As to his remark on the firength of the thick . neck, it is exemplified in firong-made men, that carry burdens on their heads. The Ruffians are by far the ftrongeft nation in Europe; they have in general what may be called the bull-neck, in fo much that it is a mark of their national phy fiognomy. I continue to remark, that Baptifta Porta always makes good one point of likenefs in all his figures; but that, when he attempts to prove more, he frequently fails; and this failure is never more confpicuous than in his attempts to give no lefs than four re- femblances between the head of So- crates and that of a ftag, or deer; and the only likenefs I can perceive is be- tween the thia-haired forehead of the deer and the bald pate of the philo- fopher. But this inftance is rather unlucky in another refpeét, fince it militates againft the author’s favourite do&vine; for, Socrates refembled the deer in no one quality of difpofition. The deer is a timid animal; for, in the Iliad, Achilles infults Agamem- non, by teliing him, that he had the heart of a deer; whereas Socrates, who in his youth acted in a military capa city at the famous fiege of Potidea and ecifewhere, exhibited many dil- tinguifhed inftances of perfonal cou- rape and bravery.
——RK,
Mr. URBAN, Jan. 10. HE Society of Propaganda, which our Reviewers mention, vol, LAVI]. p. 961, aad fo worthily warn Chriftians apaintt, was, U thick, allu- ded to by my learned contemporary and feliow-colleyian, Dr. . Ap:horp, in his excellent Letters (1778) on the Prevaience of Chitfianicy, before its civil ekabisthment, p. 184.
Sie
108 Syfematic Attempts to extirpate the Chriftian Religion oppofed.[Feb,
It is a prevailing idea, that an attempt to extirpate, if it were poffible, the Chrif- tian religion, hath been carried on in this century fyftematically, and in concert, by a feries of writers and their numerous dif- ciples. In a fpeculative view, the late and prefent advocates of the medern irreli-
jon have not, perhaps, made any real improvement on the old fyftems of infide- lity; which are ftill the magazines that furnifh this beggarly troop, who fkirmith in borrowed arms. Practically, they have been more fuccefsful; if their fuccefs is to be eftimated by the calamities of the age, and the corruption of manners.”
I thall beg leave to fubjoin a few reflexions, fuitable to thefe occurrences, cited from the Rev. Theophilus Ga- rencieres’s General Ioftrufions, tend- ing to confirm the truth of the Chrif- tian religion; a ufeful work, pub- lithed by my wife's grandfather (1728). P. 363, he obferves:
“ The Church upon earth always hath, and fhall meet with great oppofition ; but hath been, and ever fhall prove vi¢tori- ous, andtriumph. The powers of Hell daily uofe their utmoft efforts againft her, but all in vain; for, the is like a houfe built upon a rock, againft which though the rain defcends, the floods come with the greateft impetuofity, and the winds blow, and all of them together beat upon it with the utmoft violence, and may a little deface the regularity of the building fometimes, yet they thall never undermine and ruin the foundation.”
Thole writers, who hold perni- cious opinions refpeéting the aushen~ ticity of the Old Teftament, either are Uluminati, or give too much counte- nance ta their caufe, which aims at the deftruftion of all Religion.” How happy wou'd it be for them, if they read the Scriptures with that {pire which our Church recommends in her Homily, concerning the exhortation to the knowledge and reading of the Holy Scripture, Part I.
“In reading of God’s Word, he mot Profiteth, not always that is moft ready in turning of the book, but he that is moft turned into it, that is, moft infpired with the Holy Ghoft, moft in his heart and hife altered, and changed into the thing which he reaveth ; he that is daily lefs and lefs proud, lefs wrathful, lefs covetous, ind Jefs defirous of worldly and vain plea- fures, He that daily, forfaking his old and> vicious hfe, increafeth in virtue more and more.”
Your eorrefpondent L ‘co. Theolo- gus Centabiigienfis (LXVIL. p. 1022)
fays, Mr. Marth, of Cambridge, paid his attention to the labours of Micha- elis, and refuted them; and hopes he will do the fame to the work of Proe feffor Eichorn.
Our learned diocefan, the Bithop of Lincoln, in a charge delivered to his clergy, in the courfe of his Vifitas tion in 1797, in defending the authene ticity of the books of Mofes againft Dr. Geddes, among many other able arguments for the truih of the Mofaic Hiftory, and remarks on the Jewith laws and inftitutions, made ufe of one on the rite of circumcifion, tothe fame purport with an obfervation of Mai«- monides apud Coilyer, wiz.
“Its being a common fign of unity among the pofterity of Abraham, and of diftinGion from other people. He f{ays, moreover, neither would any perfon come ply wtih fo painfol a rite except on the {core of faith and religion.”
Yours, &c. J. Mitys.
Mr. UrsBan, Feb, 4. be a ramble Jaf fummer into Nor-
folk, I tranfcribed the following lines from the bafe of a ftone-piliar erected in the garden of Thomas Hett, efq. at Chappel farm, in the parith of Seething, near the fite of a church dee firoyed by the Saxons in 584.
“ Approach, whoe’er the holy fpells On confecrited grouwd reveres,
For here in myitic flumbers dwells The tenant of a thoufand years.
This fag th’ Hiftoric Mufe defcries;
And oft the wandeyer’in the vale Sees the pale ghoft at midnight rife;
So hoar tradit.on tells the tale.”
Ihave not Biomefield’s Hiftory of Norfojk, which probably records the above fa&* as to date; but mult ob- ferve, that the parifh church of Seeth« Ing is net More than a quarter of a mile diftant from the fie whereon the old church flood, on the oppofite fide of the road, Much merit is due ta M:. Hett, a banker at Norwich, not only for his attention to this facred
%* his fut is pot noticed by Blome- field; but (vol. V. p. 1160.) he cites from Domefday the following curious circum- ftance: “ A certain poor oun claimed here four acres of land, which fhe held under Ralph earl of Norfok before and after his rebellion, as the Hun ‘red wite nefled ; but [fac (the then lord of the ma- nor) ‘had deprived her of it, and joined it to his Lordfhip by a grant from the Crown.” Evitz.
fpat,
31999-] Ur. Hett’s Inferiptionat Chappel Farm.—Adams v. Burke.104
Spot, converted into part of his garden at the back of his houfe, the pillar being encircled by venerable bays, laurel, Sc.; but his farm is kept parti- cularly neat, the grounds being laid out with much tafte of plantations, &c. in the lower part of which runs a fedgy piece of a rivulet, which ‘he has im- , proved in a peculiar manner, in form- ing a winding §canal, or lake, over which he has thrown a ruftic bridge of one arch. As the water runs fer pentine, narrowing in one pirt with a {mail iflund to which the bridge ap- proaches, a cold bath is formed out of part of it, with a boat for the enter- tainmen’ of friends, The banks are ornamented with trees, adapted to make it a facred retreat, an{werable alfo to that of Volra:re’s or Roufleau’s maufoleum. But what is moft admi- rable is the grand colle&ion of foreign fhrubs, with almoft every fpecies of wild flowers, feleéted in proper claffes, which affords infinite pieafure to the fpeculative mind. H.C. Mr. URBAN, Fan. 12. HOULD it firtke you that the un- derwritten contraft between two emioent men will afford amufement to your readers, you will cercain'y find a column in your mifcellany for what I think may be not wnaptly entitled ADAMS verfus BURKE. lf Edmund Burke and John Adams coincided in their fentiments coacern- ing the revolt of the colonifts in Ame- rica from the parent ftate, and the ree volution in that country, they certainly differed widely in their opinions refpeét- ing. the revolution in France.
' Life of Burke by Bisset.
P. 485. * Thefe were the grand pre- mifes from which he undertook to deduce his conclufion, that the French revolution was, and would be, an enormous evil to mankind.”*
P.525. “He maintained, the French conftitution, and general fyttem, were replete with anarchy, impiety, vice, and mifery. There is (omething in ‘ge curfed French conttitution which envenoms every thing.’
P, 564. “ He was peculiarly defirous to imprefs Fox with his own notion of the pernicious materials of which the French fyftem was conipofed; the direful erieéts, that had proceeded, and were likely ta proceed from it; the neceffity of vigor- ous efforts to reprefs its exteufior, and éven to cruth its exittence.””
But, in the anfwer of John Adams,
Prefident of the United States of Ame rica, to an Addrefs of the Young Mem of New York, are the following paras graphs, as given in the public prints.
“ Your attachment to France. was ia common witly Americans in general; the enthufiafm for Liberty, which contributed to éxcite it, was in fympathy with a great part of the people of Europe. The caufes that produced that great evént, the revoe lation in France, were fo extenfive throughs out the Evropean world, and fo long ef- tablifhed, that it mutt appear a vaft fcheme of Providence marching to its chd, ata great height of fuperiority over the views, defigrs, hopes, and fears, of individuals, nations, Kings, or princes, philofophers, or ftatefmen.
“ It would be weak to afcribe the gloiy of it, or impute the blame, to any indivie dual or nation; it would be equally abfurd for any individual, or any nation, to pre- tend to wifdom or power equal to the mighty taik of arrefting its progrefs or die’ verting its courfe. May the human race in general, and the French nation in pare ticular, derive ultimatel}. from it an ame- hioration of ‘their condition, in the exten- fion of liberty civil and religious, in in- creafed virtue, wifdom, and humanity 4 For myfelf, however, I confefs, I fee not how, nor when, nor where.”’
Who thall decide when Doftors in politics fo widely difagree? not A POLEMOPHOBIST.
Mr UrBan, San. HE firft reference in vol. LXVIIT. p-1007, col.1, thould be ** p. 994;” and in col. 2 of tie following page, {. 24, the reference fhould be ** p. 929."
Thecommunicative matron in p. 10099 col, 2, |. 50, is furely miftaken as to the ** Jaf male” of the family there mene tioned; two fons of which are, it_is believed, now living.
In addition to the cogent argument of your tvorthy correfpondent in p, 1026, col. 1, againft Suiciae, you may refer him to fome previous antidotes in your volume for 1784, pp. 607, 8; 963, 4; and in that tor 1785, p. 88.
‘Lheie is no colic&ion, it is believed, of the Lady Moyer’s Leétures, inquired afterin p.4032,col. 1,asof Mr. Boyle's. The laft Sogle volume of the former which has been pubtifhed, though nog the Jatt which has been preached, is that recommended in p. 102, col 2- Can your intelligent coricfpondent D. H. account for the difcontinuance, there noticed, of th fe Leétyres? Did the FoundielS cfablith them for a certain
pesod
i}
period only At what period did they ceafe to be preached ?
In p. 1046 the reference in the note fhould be to * vol. LXVI.” and in p. vos, col, 2, I. 48, it fhould be to #yol. LVI.” Sce alfo the fucceed- gag volume, p. 539, col. 2.
Be Pr ne $s as; + 34 “ Bucks” fhould be “ Berks.”
The work: referred to in p. 1089, pete, was reviewed in pp. 436, 7, 8, of your volume for 1793.
fn p. 1090, col. 2, 1. 8, the furname faould be * Tipping ;” as fhoula the weme of the county in the preceding kine be “ Berks.’ In Mr. Mores’s “ Colleflions towards a paroch al Hif- tory” of this county, Wootly is defcribed as “the North part” of Chaddleworth parith, and “ the fear of Bartholomew Tipping, efy.” The late gentleman of thefe names was theriff of his county
io 1797, a3 appears from p. 123 of
your volume for that year. SCRUTATOR. F was promis’d on a time ‘Fo have reafon for my rhime ; From that time unto this feafon, areceiv’d nor rhime, nor seafon,”’ SPENSER, Mr. URBAN, Wells, Norfolk, Feb. 1. S your valuable mifceilany is ap- propriated to invefligations of po- Fite literature, 2s well as to purfuits of virtue and of {cience, permit me to ad- drefs you once more upon poetical pro- punciation. The queltion is comprifled within a narrow compafs, and may eafily be refolved, if your readers will honour me with attention. Poctry is propofed as acriterion of Jegitimaie pronuncia- tion, fo long as the compofition in which it exifts is found equal to the refinement of the language; not as a ftandard that thall conclude againft all future improvement. The foundation wpon which this criterion refts is this: Poetry, io its higheft departments, is a work of refinement; fo is corre&t and elegant pronunciation. Poetry, as to its mechanical part, is the fcience of men of literature and genius, com- bining letters aud fyllables into fuch forms as thall be molt capable, confitt- ently with the analogies of language, of producing dete:minate and accurate founds. Correét pronunciation is this {cience reduced to pradfice. It is true that the prenunciation of a living tongue will ever be, iz part, ar- bitrary; but not wholy fo, Ina ail
y3x0Pectry mairdained to be the Criterion of legitimate Pronunciaticn.[ Feb.
cultivated languages there is fomething \ of certainty ; fomething by which a tkilful philologer is enabled to fay ge- nerally,. * this pronunciation is right, and that wrong,” The enquiry then is, whence arifeth this /omecbing, and
how are we to diflingutth it? In the-
Jearned languages it is plain what metre does; it gives us almoft every thing we know of pronunciation: in our own, numbers, analogy, and rhythm, are propofed, as fome fecurity againtt cole I-quial barbarifm, and that qwanionnefs of innovation in which even learned men are fomctimes too apt to indulge. Poctry, therefore, or rather verfificas tion, is a rule of pronunciation efab- lithed upon fuch principles of certainty as are inapplicable to profe. In a cafe fo plain it may appear almof fuperflu. ous to produce authorities; yet I have already produced fome *, which, to m mind, are moft conclufive. After thefe authorities, and the inferences to which they lead, I thall not dwell longer on the fubject, than briefly to obferve, that the argument, according to the manner in which I originally fiated it, refolves itfelt into this queftion, name- ly, would a vicious pronunciation of any word or paflage be more readily deteéted in repeating verfe than in re- ptating profe ? If it would, the contro- verly is decided,
To your correfpondent Pythagoras I beg leave to make all due acknowledg- ments: he has affifted me by fome fa- gacious ciiticifms, and by appezling to verfe for fpecimens of elegant and cor- re& pronunciation. With Hermogenes, I believe, I thould have no great dif. ference of opinion, if we underflood each other more fully. In his laft pas per I obferve fome ingenious remarks. He affures me, that “ he is no. enemy to the Mofes ;” and I aflure him, that I never meant to reprefent him as fuch; I merely obferved, that I could not comprehend the dire tendency of his realonings. His affertions, (p. toz5, )) that, ‘* in Milton, poetry, within cer- tain deligate limits, affe&ls even the quantity of words,” I conceive to be juft; butit affords additional proof of the trath of what I have already advanced, fince that art which enables us to dit- tinguith nicely when pronunciaticn is wrong will go a great way towards thewing when it is right.. That poe- try, 2s he farther obferves, “is no geod
* From Gawin Duglas, Cowley, rupty Johnfon, &e.
rule
P t
ee ee ee ee ee ae ee
1799-] The Criterion of Pronunciation.—-Critiqus on Euripides. ire
rule for foreigners,” makes no part of this queftion. Poetry, in modern jan- guages, is the laft thing that foreigners Jearn; and always implies refpettable progrefs previoufly made. The quo- tation from Cicero, which Hermo- genes, or his friend, has brought on one fide of the queftion, I fhould have brought on the other, if L bad met with it: firft. So far as it applies, in my opinion, it is very frrong, becaule it makes the poetical ule of words to confit in a certain refinement of lan- guage, abhorrent from the practice of the ignorant, ‘ guia in ceteris id maxi- me excellat quod longifimé abfit ab ufu impcritorum ;”? and whvever made the ignorant, models of pronunciation ? Of your correfpondent Telonicus I never with to fpeak but with pleaiantry and efteem ; yet I hardly know how to reafon with him, becaule he miftakes firft principles. In vol. LXVIII. p. 1022, he fays, “ The arguments all range themfelvces on his fide 5” but per~ mit me here, Sir, to fuggelt fome emen- datory criticifm. Should we not (and I {peak with deference to you, Mr. Urban, who are accuftomed to the in- terpretation of ob/cure pailages) for ar- guments read aflertions ; fince the ar- uments are notorioufly on the other fide? I cannot alfo help noticing an- other fingular overfight of the fame correfpondent; which, with a faftidi- cus critic, might quafh the whole caufe. Telonicut, in {peaking of the
‘quotations made by Pythagoras, has
miftaken poetry for profe. ** But what of that? are not great wits allowed to jump?” and, as your correfpondent has jumped trom the right fide of the queftion to the wrong, will there be any great difficulty in jumping back again? For my part, I have really no objeGtion to this mode of procecding, per faltum, in a controverly, There is more of {pirit and of enterpriz: in it, than in the obfolete, vicious pragtice of exploriag the ground as you go along : ‘* Fortuna fortes adjuvat.” I am not furprized at the irony with which Telonicus expreffes himfelf of Pythagoras. The criticifms of Pytha- yoras, were, I fufpedt, chiefly true, and of courfe the more proveking. Refentment for a difference of opinion is the birth right of every author; and, fhall a free-born Briton, and « Chirif- tiah too, be denied this privilegé, when, * Horfes, being {purr’d and prick’d, Have leave to kick dor being kick’d.’”” Hu DEBR AS.
Telonicus has given us fome plea- fant and truly-facetious remarks, upon the art of faying ingenious ngs upon nothing ; and has confirmed his remarks by refpelable quotations. Bur, with deference, ‘She has miffed betier aue thorities than any he has broughr.’* In the firtt place, there is the authority of Telonicus himfelf, although modefty would not permit him to offer it. Thea that. of ** Pope upon Sileuce ;” more ia point than ‘ The Rape of the Lock.” Then that of Rochetler, who wrote a poem, if I mitake not, expre(sly upor Nothing. And laftly, though -nor leafily, the ** Morice Encomium,” og ** Praife of Folly,” of krafmus.
Yours, &c. AUSONIUS. “Mr. URBAN, Feb. 5.
E OW much argumentation has
been thrown away ona few lines of Euripides will appear from reviews ing the pafisge criticifed in LXVE. p- 833; which I fhall content myfelf with putting into plain Englith, with- out a comment.
Hippolytus dedicates a crown to Diana in the following addrefs : /
“ To thee, O lady, I offer this crown, formed of flowers from a pure meadow, where no fhepherd thins to lead his flocks nor {cythe has come, but the bee fkins over the pure {pring Meadow, which the morning waters with river-dews. To perce fons, whofe knowledge is not acquined by learning, but whofe wifdown is intpired by Nature in all things always, to them it ts allowed to cull [the flowers] but not to the wicked.”
Here is no mention of Modefy, Moe dera‘ion, or Chafity. Kiw;, or Aurora, is the natural parent of the dews that water this meadow, into which neither the fhepherd’s Hock nor the mower's {cythe ever come, nor any perfons but fuch as have been taugot by pure fim- pe Nature alone: nor is here any al- legory or comparifon between chem and the bee, as exliing.
V. 86. KAvwy pov avdne, OL. a” ex
Of@Y TIA, may be paralleled with Afts ix. 7: axvovies putv Tg Qwrnz, padtyx ot ewe exiles.
The cominon reading in Euripides ” \ ° ‘ ’ ‘ 1S @tong In Che genitive, as, In the As, Pari.
It is not eafy to fee the correfpond- ence between v. 88 and Ii. xx. 74,
156, Is iy mot diverygng to ice P.
Brumey
Sat eee - qe es co
=
Brumoy brought in to tell that Crete js now Candia, the largeft ifle in the Egean fea?
161. Dires pro ewe, amat for folet. ** Stupid eyes that ever low’d the ground,” in Dryden, no cafe in point.
196. The attachment to life, from _
ignorance of futurity, is paralleled by Hamler’s long foliloguy; where, in- ftead of “to groan and fweat,” Mr. E. prefers “to grunt and fwest ;” and trite quotations from Horace are brovght to illuftrate, 207, Pao— Cireice
L. 241 of the Latin, r. Etéw. H.D.
To the Rev. Dr. Mason, Fellow of
Trinity College, Cambridge. George's Coffee-boufe, May
Sra, 25, 1781.
ESTERDAY I returned from an expedition into Kent, As you Qcfired me to give you fome informa- tion conterning the country, I take this opportunity of fending you the beft information I can, from what I could enquite or obferve in perfon. In the road that I travelled, from hence to about a mile beyond Bromley, we have gravel compoled chiefly, if not entirely, of flints worn by waters; the Jarger ones all roundih, and moft pro- minent in the hardeft parts. About a mile beyond Bromley, in the road to Sevenoaks, the chalk begins to ap- pear; but ftill it is covered with fome of the former gravel and a mixture of earth, of very various thickneffes, dif- fering from half a yard to two or three yards in the compafs of thirty or forty. This continues, I believe, for about two miles, when the flints have no longer the appearance «f being worn by waters, and the country is fome- what lefs even, and is all chalk at a little depth, and covered with flints mixed with the earth to the furface ; and there are layers of flints lying nearly horizontally amongft the chalk, as far as the hollow roads or chalk- pits can fhew it. About nine or ten miles beyond Bromley, the country begins to be gravelly, and prefently faud, though towards the {urface there ere fome flints; but at a little depth the fand is much fuch as we ufe to throw on floors at Cambridge, but near the furface dasker coloured, per- haps tinged by the iron that is among it; for, from the beginning of the fand, and e/pecially where there is little or no flint, there are veins of
112 Natural Hiflory of Kent, between Bromley and Sevenoaks. [Feb.
iron-ore run amongft the fand, of va- rious thickneffes of a line to four or five inches at leaft. The manner of this tying feems to me very odd; pro- bably to you it may be more familiar. It looks as if the fand had been driven into little heaps, and then a layer of the ore run all over it; then fand again driven ‘into heaps upon this, and again another layer of ore run upon this, and in many places coms municating with the former; and this feems to have been repeated (in dif- ferent places) from four or five to forty or fifty times. The following {cheme will perhaps exprefs the mane ner of thefe layers better than words.
rN ee
The thickeft parrs of the ore are at the concourfe of the different Jay- ers. Theore is a pretty hard fione, and throughout the whole of the thickeft is intermixed with at leat four for one of the fame kind of fand that ic lies among. Ihave got’a {pe- cimen of jt for you when 1 come to Cambridge. I have alfo got a few flints marked with the fea-urchin and its fpikes, with ’fcallop and cockle- fhells, and with other marks, fome of which I can hardly form avy guefs concerning what they took their origin from. 1 have alfo got a few cockle- fhells out of the chalk, and one or two of the tribe of the fea-eggs,
I enquired concerning the lying of the country; and I am told that the road from Sevenoaks, which goes, I think, by Wrotham, lies all along upon the fand, at the edge of the chalk, to Rochefter, Eaftward ; and, Weft- ward, the chalk lies very nearly Ea aid Weft, for upwards of thirty miles, but rather tending towards the South, To the South cf the chalk all along, for a few miles, lies fand,-and then clay; and about Tunbridge there is a layer of irea ore of the Suffex kind, which lies over, I think, a fort of marle; and, as far as Fcould learn, it feems rather probable that this ore is a continuation of the ore 1 mentioned above, found amongft the fand.
I have got fome glafs tubes accord- ing to your dire€tions, which, 1 hope, will pleafe you; though 1 do not know whether ycu will not think the bores rather too fmall; but they tell me they are the largett they make. They will barely admit a {mall goofe-
I hope
; | i j
2. Lart of the Abbey Church.
——- =
3. ‘The. Mbey - Mouse, &e of Hales Cwe Vt, lo. Ialip A
DL? MOUNTZ 8Y
wae
i i ee i i me
_pibus, Bithop of
1999+} Account of Hales Owen Abbey.—Theatrical Reprefentations. 113
: 1! ang at
I hope thie will find you friends well at Cam ldgey where 1 propofe being the cad of next week.
lam, firy your very gumble fervant, Joun MicHeLL,
Mr. Unpan, Shrew/bury, Jam. 14. “HE inclofed are yvo drawings
of Hales Owen abbey; fituaced about half a mile South of the town of Hales Owen, co. Salop. (Ser P/. 1.)
In fummer it is a plesfant walk over’
the fields from the town to the abbey ; the country being beautifully diverfi- fied affords a truly fylvan fcene, | “ Viridantia Tempe, , Tempe, qua fylvz cingunt fuper-impen- dentes,”” :
Proceeding a little farther, a differ-; ent fcene -prefents itfeif ;. the Abbey- lane, which is nearly overgrown with. trees. After walking about a hun- dred pages along this folitacy lane, a gate on the right leads to the abbey. As I approached thefe remains of av- tient grandeur,, the following lines, from Cunningham’s ‘* Elegy on a Pile of Ruins,” feemed. not mifapplied here: ;
“ Where rev’rend fhrines in Gothic gran- deyr ftood, ({preads ;
The neitle and the noxious nighthhade And afhlings, wafted from the neighb’ring
wood, [trembling heads.”
Thro’ the worn turrets wave. their * This was an abbey of Premonftra- tenfian canons, built by Peter de Ru- Winchefter (temp. reg. John), to the honour of the Blef- fed Virgin, ;Its yearly revenues were worth 28ol. 13s. 2d. ob. Dugd. 3371. 153. 6d. ob. Speed *.
Very little of the abbey-church re- mains; the diftance on the right in No. 3, and the view No. 2, :(beauti- fully mantled with ivy) are ail, The diftance is the {pire of Hales Owen and Clent hill. The view, No. 3, is the abbey-houfe, now the sefidence' of a fybftantial farmer, «This, it is con- jefured, was the abbot’s kitchen. When we look upon its extent, and the maffinefs of the walls, it is not to be admired merely as a curious rem- nant of antiquity, but as a monument of Monkith hofpitaliry. The large tree on.the right in this view is a fy cae
more, This tree is noticed by moft
people who vifit the place, for its fize
* Tanner. Gent. Mas. February, 1799.
4
and The mutilated tile, No. 1, was dog up bya labourer in
1792. In 1787, a -ftone coffin lid, with curious fculpture, was found in repairing the cellar floor. See an en- graving and an accurate defcription in your vol. LXL. p, 1097, by the late J. S. Hylton, efq. of Lsppal-houfe.
_ Few. vifible remains of this oncee extenfive place are now to be feen. Foundations are often fopnd; and, if a_perfon verfed in antient buildings had time to inveftigate it, much of iis original magnitude might be dif
-veovered. D. P.
*,* The fignature of Philip Herbert | earl of Montgomery is to a receipt, Aug. 2, 1622, for r8ol. the balance of * 18001. which ‘king James 1. had been pleafed to beftow upon him, in full fatisfaction for a- large chain of fair orient pearls, delie vered. by way of fale \o his Majefty.’’
That of Fane dutchels of -Roxboroughe, is toa receipt, May 10, 1617, for ‘sal. part of the fum of 30001. of bis Majetty’s free and priwcely gift,to her, in confidcration. of long and faithful fervice done to. the Queen, as one of the ladies of the bed chamber to her Majefty.”
That of Sarah dutchefs of Marlborcugh, is to the letter printed this month in p. ror.
Of the Impropriety of Theatrical Re- prefentations, as far as they relate ta the Scenery, Drefes, and Decora-
- tions, when brought forward as H- luffranve of the Antient Hiflory of this Country.
QO F the many deceptions paffed up~
on the publick, thofe of the
Theatre, when they attempt any per-
formance of old Eoglith cuftoms and
manners, are none of the leaft; and [ am free to declare, that I never wit- neffed a piece got up with any telera- ble degree of attention either to our antient buildings, dieff{cs, or decora- tions, A firange jumble of ideas, brought together by the various ar- tils, mechanics, and tradefmen, ‘of
the, Thestres, caught by tranfitory
glimpfes at.a few of-our antient builde ing and pictures, and mixed with their pre(uming notions of improving on what antient objets they have thus fo fuperficially noticed, are held’ up to the publick as faithful copies of
our antient cofume, , Having much at heart the true em- bellithments of our theatrical perform= ances when hiltogica!, and when the great
114 Critique on °° Feudal Times ;
eat charaéters of our anceftors are to
brought before our eyes, I have fe- veral times attempted to convince the Managers of our Theatres of the very
reat errors they committed in thefe Fi binds ; and how much it would re- dound to their applaufe, and to the dignity of our hiftory in gene al, to have fuch hiftoric reprefentations made more refpectable, by their pay- ing proper attention to the various publications of the firft credit, where in many of the objects neceffary to per- fe& this laudable purpofe are to be found* ; but I have hitherto made fuch attempts in vain, and I contented my- felf by hoping a time would arrive when fuch hiots would be deemed not altogether ufelefs. In this way I amufed my mind occafionally, tll 1 faw, the begining of laf month, an- nounced to the publick from Drury- lane theatre, a new dramatic piece, ia- tituled, ‘‘ Feudal Times; or, the Banquet Gallery ;”’ when being tiruck with the monftrous anachronilm, “+ Banquet Gallery,’”’ 1 did not hefitate a moment to addrefs my fentiments to the Manager of Drury-lane Theatre by letter, of which the following is a copy.
“Sir, Though the letter, which I took the liberty to write to you laft fummer, may have been thought an intrufion, yet I truft the caufe of the prefent addrefs will fafficiently plead its excufe.
“ J fee that a mufical drama is announ- ced to the publick; cailed, “ Feudal Times, or the Banquet Gallery,”
“In antient architecture, Gallery was underftood to mean no otherwife than a long narrow avenue on a ftory above- groun#, leading to various apartments, as we fee in travellers’ inns, college-halls, and over the fide ailes of cathedrals and other churches, &c.
“In modern architeéture, Gallery has much the fame fignification, with the ad- dition (¢ picture-galleries, galleries to the Honfe of Commons, and galleries’ to the theatres, é&c.
“ In antient times, all repafts, banquets, or, more properly; feaft:, were held in the halis of manfions, college-halls, palaces, as we fee continued to this day in our cor- poratiun-halls, college-halls, and in Weit- minfter-hall, at a coronation, &c, Every one remembering the old lines of
6 Tis merry in the hall When beards wag all.”
*-See the Works of Gough, Strurt, Cartet, ke. &c. on the Antiquities of this Kingdom.
-
or, the Banquet Galiery.” [Feb.
“ This fame wagging of beards is differ- ently underftood among Antiquaries, fome affirming it to be when the merry men were engaged in telling of jefts and droll fteries; others maintaining that it was when they were employed in eating; and I ever found the eaters had the moft partizans, ‘
** The high veneration which I entes- tain for fubjetts’ relating to Antiquity could not let me pafs unnoticed fo glaring an impropriety in title, as the Banquet Gallery. I have the honour to be, dec,”
On the evening of the firft repre- fentation of this drama, I attended the theatre (with a mind much experien- ced in the ftudy of Antrquities), and nored down the following remarks.
The idea of “ Feudal Times” naturally conveyed my imagination to avery remote period of our hiftory; either previous to, or about, the time of the Conqueft; of courfe my curio- fity was to be gratified with beholding fcenes reprefenting the buildings of thofe days, the dreffes then worn, and the various decorations of the fubjeéts which were to be introduced. How far my expe@lations were fulfilled the fucceeding obfervations will teftify.
Aét I. icene [. defigned, apparent. ly, to reprefent a view of a caftle fitu- ted in a lake, as feen from an adjoin- ing village,
The archite€ture of the caftle was too undetermined to mark any of our antient ftyles; and I perceived, in the bafe part of the walis and towers, arches of admittance for poats and barges in and out of the cafile, In all the re- mains of caftles in the various parts of the kingdom I never witnefled this convenience; and 1 have hitherto un- detfiood, both from antient MSS, and from our caftles, either ruinous or perfect, that the only way to pafs in or out of fuch buildings, was over the bridges, and through the firft gate of entrance belonging to them.
Of the make of the barges and boats we muft refer to thofe feen on the Thames at this day,
Of the dreffes—thofe of the villa- gers are thofe fancy flage-habits that we have been familiarized to witnefs on ruftic characters for thete feveral years paft; and, in the drefles of the foldiers, thefe are fome attempts made to reprefent the armour and fhields in ule in the time of king Edward LI.
By-the-bye, when did we ever heat of acommander of an armed force be-
. WE
1799-] Critique on “ Feudal Times ; or, the Banquet Gallery.” 11g
ing equipped with, and founding of, a trompet ?
Of the children’s play, the /ailing- match, there needs no comment.
Scene II. Is a well-painted view of rocks, a church, and cottages, but without the. Jeaft markings to denore either the church or cottages to be of any period.
Scene JIf. has fome appearance of a court-yard within a caftle,
For. the feveral dreffes exhibited in this fcene, we are beholden to the he- terogeneous tafle of the feveral mecha- nics and taylors employed; each, from his varied fancy, has given full {cope to his talent for ‘‘ DESIGNING” antient drefles.
One commander ftiuts in a fort of Roman habit, another fhines in a Grecian helmet, a James the Firfl’s ruff, a Charles the Firfl’s armour, a long mantle worn only by ftage he- roes, and a pair of common high- topped gloves, fuch as we fee worn by fome old people.
To fpeak of the dreffes of’ the fol- diery, more attention has been be- ftowed to the difpofttion of tawdry co- lours and tinfei, thon to the coftume of former times. Their thields are of all fafhions, their crofs bows are like pickaxes, and the banners are like thofe now in ufe. I pfs by the pa- rade drum-moajor, and his modern band of mufical performers, to
Scene 1V. whieh is not unlike a fa- loon, where is introduced a pointed archway, with folding doors, termi- nating with an imverted fweep and a running ornament; on each fide are niches with fuits of armour, and trophies over them of thields and ban- ners.
In all my obfervation on the antient archite&tural works of this kingdom, } cannot affimilate any one pa:t of this feene to fuch examples. The armour, indeed, may be accommo- dated to what was worn in the laft century. And how comes it about that only one charaéter in the drama- tis perfone is furnifhed with a beard? I believe, in anticnt times, beards were worn univerfally. ,
This dlack-beard, 1 prefume, fhou!d have given the name to the piece, to have (in fome degree) diftinguithe-’ it from the one called Blue Beard. The drefs of this hero is the common
_ hetch-peteh playhoule equipment for
all chara€ters which do not relate to the fathion of the prefent day.
We movft not be fo impolite as to prefume to give an opinion relative to the dreffes of the females, or of the dancing charaéters here introduced.
A& II. fcene J. is an apartment where the porter of the caftle holds his office; but, whether it may be called the porter’s lodge in the firft gateway of the cafile, or the porter’s ha!l of the firu€ture, I know not; but this I know, the firft fituation antient porters always occupied, and the late ter place we encounter our modern porters in; and I likewife’ farther know, this fcene reprefents a grand room, with a rich canopied window, feftooned curtains, an elaborate gilded chair, &c. &c.
Here again we feek for fome archi- te&tural example to apply to former times, but in vain. Where do we read in antient hiflory of érandy, that our friend the porter is made to be fo familiar with ?
The ballad of the friar, his head- Jefs horfe, and his bottle, is a mean facrifice of hiftory, and the facred charaéters of our antient clergy, to catch applaufe from the ignorant and the vulgar part of the audience,
Scene I]. In the fore-ground is a colonade with canopies ; and in the back ground, a large building with a dome. This colonade is in a mode of archite&ture entirely new; and a dome was never introduced in our antient firudlures,
Scene III. This view is, called by one of the charaéters, almoft in a bieath, a Bangmes Gallery and arcomt How cao we reconcile this contra- dition otherwife than by obferving, that this view certainly does reprefent aroom, with a gallery at the back of the {cene for the accommodation of f{peflators there placed, and for giving admitrance to apaitments on the fe- cond flory. Inthe room are the cha- ra€ters of the drama, but in no fitua- tion to warrant the leaft fuppofition that they are partsking of a banguet. To be fure, Black-beard talks about revels ; but here again we were dilap- pointed 5 for we beheld no fports of cudgel-playiog, tumbling, running in a fack, :unning for a imock, grin-' ning fora hat, morrice dancing, and the like; all, which amufements con- Rtitute fuch a fpecies of entertainment,
However,
However, that this fcene might not pals without (ome Mage-« ff &, or sick, one of the characters is made to come through a window at the back of the gallery in a kind of fupernatural way. Black-beard is made fenfible of the fame, although his back is tu:ned to- wards him.
Now, if thefe contradiftory inci- dents muff be reconciled to our feel- ings, and that this fcene muff conftitute a Banquet Gallery, it mufi be allowed that itis a Banquet Gallery after a new way, and not in anywile a reprefen- tation of antient cuftoms. The archi- te@ure and decorations of this fcene are, like the forgoing ones, raifed by the fame ereative pencil.
Scene 1V. Here the colonade isa fecond ime introduced; and the prin- cipal bufinefs going forward is a noile of fighting, and the report of guns]
Powder appears to have been found out in the 14th century; of courfe, powder was unknown at the time chat this drama (from the title) appears to bear a date.
Scene V. The outfide of the caftle. Here again we fee boats failing, or dragged, from underneath the walls ; fee a tower blown up with (I fuppofe) gunpowder; feemin fhort, I faw too much for theeyes and underftanding of an Antiquary,-end an admirer of Eng- lith hiftory, either to be pleafed with, or comprehend! Therefore, I hef® leave this incongruous mals, this: mifcepre- fentation of feudal, or former times.
An Aatist and an ANTIQUARY. (To be continusd octafonally.)
'*Mr. Urspan, : Feb. 9. yo R correfpondent, Mr. Stone, vol. LXVIILI. p. 1013, appears to have viewed the fine flatues in Ald- worth church with a ce/d indifference and an inanimate infenfibility, or elfe could fuch charming remains of our antient {culpture create no other fen- fations than merely to note down, that this ftatue and that effigy were lying on their backs and holding up their hands ; ‘that here a head, and there a leg or arm, was wanting ; and that
‘ they were of a gigantic fize! Were
thefe figures other than flone, they would rife ip. judgement againft him, to awaken his denfe feelings, and make him own that they were, when fone, of the ordinary fize of life, and that ghey were of the firft degsee of antient fculpture. I aver that the
o
~
116 Aldworth Church and Statues.—Yellow Fever.
[Feb.
male fiatues are in animated attitudes, and in the moft juft proponions. One in particular, in the North aile of the church, claims all our attention, and is in one of the moft graceful reclining attitudes that can poflibly be imagi- ned, He has on exquifite rich armour, and partakes of every requifite to ren- der it equal to any piece of fculpture brought from Greece or Rome. Of the females, there is fuch a lovely dif. play of elegance, beauty, and grace, that, [ muft own, my. enraptured mind almoft transformed me into a fone, or, to Speak more as an artift, into a flatue—the ftatue of wonder and admiration !
1 fhall take che firft opportunity ta endeavour at giving a particular de- f:ription of Aldworth church, its mo- numents, and ftatues, having taken very minute drawings of them; when Mr. Stone (whofe fis ft efforts in Aari- quarian purfuis, however, deferves fome commendation) may have an opportunity of re€tifying any miftakes that i may chance to fall into.
Yours, &c. AN ARCHITECT.
Mr. Ursan, Feb, 13.
6 Blea following extraét from va
voyage to the South-feas, Jately publithed by Captain Colaett, of the royal navy, is highly deferviog of the attention of all commanders of fhips and others who go into hot climates, as it exhibits a fuccefsful mode of treating the Yellow Fever, a diforder, which, alas! has fo often bafled the fill of medical pra&itioners.
“ The whole crew had been more or. lefs affected by the Yellow Fever; from which horrid diforder I was, however, fo fortunate as to recover them, by adopting the method that I faw praétifed by the na- tives of Spanith America, when [ was a priforer among them. On the firft fymp- toms appearing, the fore part of the head was immediately fhaved, and the temples and poll wafhed with vinegar and water. The whole body was then immerfed in warm water, to give a free courfe to perfpirajion: fome opening medicine was afterwards adminiftered; and every four hours a dofe of ‘ten grains of «Fames’s pow- ders, Ifthe patient was thirfty, the drink was weak white wine and water, and a flice of bread to fatisfy an inclination to eagle, An increafing appetite was gratified by @ {mail quantity of foup, made from the mucilaginous part of the turtle, with a lit- tle vinegar it it. I alfo gave the fick fweetmeats gid other articles fiom my
, priyats
1799-] Remarkable Inflance of Longevity.—Bp. Wickham, 119
private ftock, whenever they expreffed a diftant. wifh for any, which I could fupply them with. By this mode of treatment, the whol: crew improved in their health, except the carpenter, who, though a very ffout robuft man, was at one time in fuch a flate of delirium, and fo much reduced, that I gave him over; but he at length re- govered.” P. 80,
A more judicious treatment of this diforder could not have been devifed. The fame good fenfe, indeed, which dire&ted the medical concerns (for there was no furgeon on. board) feems
‘to have prevailed upon every oceafion of difficulty or danger, which requi- red nautical fkill; but of this we are
* the Jefs furprized, when we find that
Captain Culnett had ferved under
that celebrated navigator Captain
Cook ; to whofe works this publica-
tion will no doubr be contidered as a
valuable fupplement. Yours, &c.
Mepicus CaNnTiANUS.
Mr. Urwan, Feb, 14. AFFEUS, who wrote the Hif- tory of the Indies, which has
always been a model of veracity as well as elegant compofition, mentions a native of Bengal, named Numas de Cugna, who died, in 1566, at the age of 370. He was a man of great fimpli- city, and quite illiterate; but of fo ex- tenfive a memory, that he was akind of living chronicle, re‘ating diftin@ly and exaétly what had happened within his knowledge in the compafs of his life, together with all the circumftan- ces attending it. He had four new fets of tecths and the colour of his hair and beard had been very fre- quently changed from black to grey, aod from grey to black. He affeited; that in the courfe of his life he had 100 wives, fome of whom died, and the others he had put away. The fiift century of his life paffed in ido- latry, from which he was converted to Mahometanifm, which he continued to profefs to his death. This account is alfo confirmed by another Portu- guefe author, Ferdinand Lopez Caf-
tegueda, who was _ hiftoriographer royal. H.C. 8B. Mr; Urban, Goodman's Fulds,
Feb, 11. ] BEG leave to return thanks to your correfpondent J; Latham, p. 15, for the communication of the infcriptioa on Bp. Wickham's mother-in-law.
It has fupplied a name which was wanting in a pedigree of the Bifhop’s family, now in my poffeffion ; and & fhouid efleem it a favour if Mr. La- tham could fpecify the bearing, on the fhield of arms which he mentions. I am ignorant of the place of Mr. La- tham’s abode, otherwife I fhould have been glad to have afked him a quef- tion or two. .
Swacliffe, in Oxfordthire, is an an- tient feat of one branch of the Wick- ham family. Swacliffe is a vicarage in the gift of New college, Oxford. I thou!d be much gratified by church- notes and extraéts from the Regifler there.
The portrait mentioned by Palao- philus I have feen.
Has any hotice of Bp. W’s fermon (LXVIIE. p. 948) ever occurred to your intelligent corefpondent S, A. of the B. M. D.N.
Mr. URBAN, Jan. 23. AVING obferved an article of enquiry ia vol. LXVIII. p. 1010,
under the head of Sir C. Malet; my intimate knowledge of that gentleman and his connexions enables me-to af- ford you the foliowing information.
Sir Charles Warre Malet is now the only remaining male of the Englith branch of that very antient and illuf- trious family, whole progenitor, Wa, Malet, was one of the barons that ac. companied the Norman William in bis invafion and conquest of this kingdom, and who, having diflinguifhed himfelf in the batcle of Haftings, and being related to the queen of Harold, was charged by the Conqueror with guard of the body, and with the funeral ob- fequies of that gallanc but onfortunare monarch. The fame Lord William Malet was afterwards made ther:ff of the county of York, and governor of York caftle, and was flain in defend- ing the latter againft an infurrection of the natives,
His defcendants, being invefted with great property inthe conquered copin- tries, but principally in Somerfetthire, partook of the viciilitudes of the fue- ceeding turbu'ent reigns, and are traceable, by hiftorical deduGtion from the above Lord Wm. Malet, through a vaiesy of fituations. and alliances (with fome of the greateft fami ies in the kingdom) as pofleffurs of the ho-~ nour of Eye, in Novfolk,-of the ma- nors of Curry Malet, Sutton Maler,
Sheptou
188 Account of the antient and refpellable Family of Malet. [-Feb.
Shepton Malet, Wolley, Enmore caf- tie, St, Atdries, Oak, Compton, Con- queft, &c. in Somerfetthire ; as great chamberlains of England under Wil- liam 1.; a8 barops of the realm in Magna Charta; as folicitors of the Crown under Henry VIEL; as knights of the Bath under Elizabeth ; ‘as lord- chief-jufiice under Charles I. and II. down to Col, Baldwin Malet, who, in the prefent century, alienated the manor of St. Andries, the laft of the great pofleflions of this antient family, one branch of which continued to flourith with confiderable fplendour in Normandy until the late Revolution, when the members of it fought an afy~- lum in this country.
The Rev. Alexander Malet was fon of the above Baldwin, and father of the prefent Sir Charles, by his wife Anne, daughter of Lawrence St. Lo, D.D.; which family is alfo of high antiquity and celebrity in the counties of Somerfet and Dorfet,
This venerable lady (contrary to what is mentioned in your Magazine) fill lives to enjoy, at the great age of &6, the happy ufe of al! ber faculties, and the tender and dutiful affeftion of her fon ‘and four daughters, by whom fhe is furrounded and revered. Your defcription of Sir Charles’s being cre- ated a baronet is correé&t; but his de- fignation of Threafon, or Theafon, in Leicefter thire, is erroneous, and will, doubtiels, be corréMed in the Calen- dar of the prefent year.
His anceflor the judge, whom you ftyle Thomas, was Sir Thomas, knt.; which honour was conferred on him by Charles I.; and that of baronet- age, conferred on him by Charles II. did not, as mentioned in the paffage wader confideration, become dormant by his demife previous to completion, but through fome diffatisfation of the loyal and learned Judge, from a coo- cepiion of its inadequatenefs to his merits and fufferings in the royal
ule, in which he was-the fit per- Bn.of diftinction that experienced the
exercife of the republican authority, being dragged from the Bench at
.Maidftone, and impyifoned in the "Bower; but he furvived to affift in the trial of the regicides. His great grand. fon, the prefent Sir C. W. Malet, went to Iodiain the Company’s civil fervice at Bombay, m 1770; and, af+ ter a feries of important ¢m ployment, was appointed, by the government-ge-
neral, the Company’s reprefentative at the court of Poona; and, having difcharged the duties of this delicate flation to the entire fatisfaGtion of the prince with whom he refided, and the Company whom he reprefented, thro’ a period of 11 years, refigned his em- bafly in Feb. 1797, with am. intention of returning immediately to England ; but was prevented by the particular requeft of the governor and council of Boinbay to affume the temporary go- vernment of that fettlement, during the abfence of the prefident, Mr. Dun- can, on a fervice of emergency ; which he acceded to in April; and, having adminiftered the government until the return of Mr. Dancan, in Jan. 1798, quitted India the enfuing month, and arrived in England on the 30th of July following ; and foon after that had the honour of prefenting to his Mzjefty, and the chairman of the Court of Di- rectors of the India Company, prefents and letters from the Pefhwa, betoken- ing and profeffing the refpeét and friendfhip of that prince, which had been fo feduloufly and effe&tually cul- tivated during Sir Charles’s miniftry, Sir Charles at prefeot refides near Taunton, in Somerfecthire, his native county, with that reafonable profpect of enjoying the remainder of his days in an happy retirement, which arifes from the entient refpeétability of his family, and the confcioufnefs of not having derozated from it by the pub- lie fervices of his younger days, fanc- tioned as they have happily been, by the approbation of his employers and his fovercign’ A CONSTANTREADER.
Mr. URBAN, Sarum, Fan. 23.
i* your vol. LXVIIL. p. 927, a . gorrefpondent, under the fignature O. Y. gives an aceount of the defcen- dants of Mary Zouche, one of the co- heirefles of Edward the laftlord Zouche of Haringworth, His flatement in the former parts are, 1 believe, correét; bor, as there is a material miftake in what relaves to the later defcendants of the family, 1 cannot refit my inclima- tion to give en explanation; which, from bearing fome relation to the fa-
mily, Lam clearly enabled to do, Your corrdfpondent does not indeed affert pofirvely, but fays he prefumes, the late John Talbot, of Lacock, efq. to be the fatherof Thomas Manfel Tal- bor, efq. whom he fiyles the poffeffor of Margam, ia Glamorganfhire,and of %
coc
1799-} Zouche of Haringworth.—Family of Talbot.—Negus.. 114
cock abbey, Wilts. Here lies the er- ror: to cleanup which, it is neceflary to obferve, that John lvory Talbot, ¢/q, M. P. for the county of Wiits, who married Mary, fitter and heirefs of Tho- mas, the laft Lord Manfel, left iffue by that lady two fons and a daughter, vie: John Talbot, of Lacock, efq:; the Rev. Thomas Ta'!bot, fome time redtor of Collingbourne-Ducis, Wilts, a valuable living in the gift of Lord Aylefbury, and where the prefent pof- feflor of Margam was born. The daughter married a Dr. Davenport, a clergyman of much refpeability. John Talbot, the eldeft fon, died a batchelor, and, by will, devifed Lacock abbey, and nearly, if not the while, of his fortune to his filter aud her heirs: in confequence of which ber) fon is now, and has been fome years, the poffeflor of Lacock abbey, and, having, on his uncie’s deceafe, taken the name of Talbot, is difiinguifhed by the name of Davenport Talbot. The fecond fon, wiz. the Rev. Thomas Talbot, by virtue of the will of the laft Lord Manfel, his maternal uncle, became poffefled of Margam, and all the. eftates of the Manfel fa- mily in Wales. This gentleman married (in or about the year 1746) Jane, only daughter of Thomas Beach, efq. of Fittleron and Kee- ville, co. Wilts (filter to the late Wil- liam Beach, of Netherhaven, efq, fheriff of Wilts in 1778). Several children were the iffue of this mar- riage, none of whom furvive but the eldeft fon, ‘wiz. Thomas Manfel Tal- bot, efq. the prefent pcfieflor of Mar- gam, #ho marred, in February 1794, the Lady Mary Strangeways, fecond daugbter to the prefent Earl of lichef- fier, by whom he has feveral children, An enquiry haviog been frequently made after the etymology of the word Negus; and obferving, im p. 931, a query of your correfpondent 8, K. * Whether the mixture of wine, wa- ter, and fugar, might not receive the name of Negus from feme individual who improved upon, of invented (what he terms), the happy mixture ;” aed adds “that Negus is a family- hame, as appears by your. Obituary, Pp» 7295" im may not, perhaps, be Gifegreeable to your faid corsefpon- dent 1o be informed, that .his.‘con- jeQore is right ; that Negus is a family- kame; and.chat the faid liquor took is name froin an individual of that ta-
municated by the prefent corre {pond-
mily ;) which the following relation (on the veracity of which you may depend) will, I think, afcertain.
It is now nearly 30 years ago that, being on a vifit toa friend at Frome, in Somerfetthice, I accompanied my faid friend to the houfe of a clergy- man of the name of Potter, who, with a wife and two daughters, then refided in a good family-houfe in a ftreet (which Ido not recollect. the name of) near to the church. The houfé was decorated with many paintings, chiefly family portraits; amongit which E was particularly pleafed with that of a gentleman in a military drefs, which appeared, by the ftyle, to have been taken in or about the reign of Queen Anne. ;
in anfwéer to my enquiries con- cerning the original ‘of the portrait, Mis. Potter informed me it was a'Co- lonel Negus, an uncle of her hutband’s; that from this gencleman che liquor ufwally focalled had its name, it being his ufual beverage. When in compa- ny with his junior officers, he ufed to invite them to join him, by faying, **Come, boys, join with me, tafe my liquor.” Hence it foon became fafhionable in the regiment, and the officers, in compliment to their colo- nel, called it Negus.
Should either, or both the forego- ing relations merit a place in your ufe- ful and intefligent Magazine, the ins fertion will oblige, M. A.C.
Mr. UrsBan,
“ ANC ASTRIENSIS
lai volume, p. 1041) wifhes for a lift of incumbents of the rich living of Wtawick ;” which probably the evifcopal Regifters of Lichfield and Chefter alone can fupply. You may, however, inform him, that James Stanley, fon of the firft Karl of Derby, who-was at laft promoted to the bifboprick of Ely, was reétor of Winwick ; and fo was Rider, a native of Chethiwe, author of the Diétionary which bears his name. Of Dr, Shere lock, who was rector of Wunwick, . there are memoirs prefixed to a vos lume of theological «raéts written by him, which 1 fately faw in the dutty corner of a. book {ellex’s thop. If. .Lan- caftrieafis has any ferious intention of writing a hiflery of Winwick, or of collefting matessals for fuch a work, farthee particulars wid readily be cam-
Feb. 19. (in your
ent,
120 Defeription of the Leach, or Cobitis Barbatula.—Chatterton. (Feb.
ent, whofe addrefs is kaown to Mr, Urban. B.C.
Mr. Urpan, Bedford, .Feb, 12.
S the Leicefterfhire correfpond-
‘ent, vol, LXVIII. p. 1013, is confeffedly no Naturalift, I fufpeét in his drawing there may have been want of attention to the number of fins in the original fith. If Lam right in this conjecture, the fith is probably the Tinea Cobitis, or beerded Loache [we
find it {pels alfo Loche}, of Linnzus, .
and, if not, is cestain y a fith not be. fore defcribed. M.
Mr. Unban, Feb. 14
HE {mali fith, which Mr. Tarof.
by (vol. LXVALI. p. 1013) tates to have been tsken iv the Soar, 15 the Loach, or Cobuis Borbaula, of La- nazus, of which there are three vari- eties. They afe frequently found in the rivers Eamont and Line, in Cum- berland, in Ull’s-water, the Vennet in Wefimorland, and the Clyde in Scotland, and alfo in many otber ri- vers. -Ia Lancathire, they are found in the Duglas, and are ‘here called the Groundling, or Stone-loach. in Wales, they are called *Crothell yr afon.” They are held in eftimation by ang- lers as a moft excellept bait (in t:oll- ing) for trout™, being tougher-fkin- ped than the Minzow, Minnie, Minim, a Minnow-pink (Cyprinus Phoxinus). They are called in Latin, Lochat, Aphya vel Apuot, and in Greek aGin§. This fith, though very fma'l, is fo ex- ceedingly prolific, that it is-feldom found without {pawn in it; and it was, in antient times, a practice of the young gallants to (wallow Loaches in giafles of fack, or what is now calied dry-foerry wine, becaufe they were confidered as invigorating, and as apt to communicate their prolific quality. In the fir part of Henry IV. aé 1. fcene L. Shakfpeare has made the fe- cond carrier fay, ‘‘ chamber-lie breeds flees like a Loach,” by whieh he means, that “‘ chamber. lie breeds fleas as fat asa Loach” breeds, not fleas, but Loaches. This fith has been fo much efteemed by phyfic:ans for its innocent and nutritive food as to be
* “Trout on the race of Loach renew their meal.” Pifc. Dial. 6, 63. momenene the rill-born loach.” Ib. 7, 20. + Cal. . } Theod. . § Ariftot. Animal, lib, 6 Plin.dib. 31, cap. %, et alios. i
allowed to perfons in ‘fevers and other dangerous diftempers, and is very good for women ‘n child. bed, Ove of our poeis fays, “ The litt'e Loach the barbel-tribe excels For wholefome ufe,and moreTntrinfic grace, Tho’ mean his form, and they acomely race.” Browne, Ec!. V. 86. Tfaac Walton, in his ‘* Complete Angler,” fays, *“‘he lives upon, and feidum or ever rifes above, the gra- vel, on which he ufually gets his li- ving.” This obfervation of honeft Ifaac hes lately been introduced by Mr. Beft, in his ‘ Treatife on Ang- ling 5” who, ignoraptly mifconftruing Walton’s words, fays, * his (the Loach’s) food is gravel,” Rifum te- neatis ? Yours, &e. SOME JOVIAL MEN SPILL FalR Woo.L,
Mr. Ursan, Feb 18, ROM -an omiffion, out of my power to account for, in the cum-
munication on Chat erton, there is evidently a mis-ftarement, In p. 24,
col. 2, it fhould have been, “the plor of The Myfterious Mother is [ina manner plagiariftically] recited in the Memoirs, &c.” The fingulari:y of the
flory on which the tragedy is founded, and from the author print'ng it in 1768, probsbly made it then fuffici- ently public to reach the knowledge of C, and his fpecious perve:fion would eafily produce the following :
The tale of the drawers deferveth re- lation. —Tiomas de Blunderville, a preefte, although the preefte had no allows, lovd a fair mayden, 4nd on her begett a fonn. Thomas educated his fonn; at fixteen years he went in'o the warrs, and neer did return for five years. His mother was married to a knight, and bare a daughter, then fixteen, who was feen and lovd by Thomas, fon of Thomas, and married to him, unknown to her mother; by Ralph de Mefching of the Minfter, who invited, as cuftom was, twa of his brothers, Thomas de Blunderville and John Hefchamme. Thomas neverthele(s had not feen his fonn for five years, ken- ning him inftantly, and learning the name of the bryde, toke him afyde, and dif- clofd to him that he was his fonn, afd was weded to his own filtre. Young Thomas toke on fo that he was fhorne.”
Yours, &c. AGUECHEEK.
P. 22, ‘a 47, tr. “inconteftible proofs, fuch’—P.*23, a. 13, “excites wonder, Opulence, apparently”—P, 25, a. 36, for and” read * but.” : i Mr.
1799.) - Sit John Gifford.Bp. Bonnér.—Owen Glyndwr. 12
“Mr. URBAN, Feb. 9. 7 es Gifford baronetage, p. 5, is certainly extin@ ; but, as the laft erfon who bore it died in France, it is not eafy to fix the time of his death.
P. 7. There certainly was a hopfe at Goy’s cliff before that built by Mr. Greathead ; for, the chapel defcribed by Leland was included in a houfe rented by the prefent Earl of Leicef- ter before Mr. Greathead purchafed it. He may have modernized the houfe and grounds; but there was, or I am much miftaken, a houfe on the fpot in the laft century,
Ibid. Ave not the arms of Tyrone thofe of James De la Poer, or Power, earl of Tyrone, whofe daughter and heir, Catharine, was married to Sir Marcus Beresford, created earl of Tyrone 1720? Lodge, If. p. 219; Archdale’s Peerage of Ireland, IT. 303.
P. 15. Bp. Bonner was born of poor parents at Hanley, in the county of Worcefter, in a houfe ftill called Bon- ner’s place, alittle cottage of about sl. per annum. His road to preferment was his fkill and dexterity in bufinefs, aided by a fufficient degree of : for- wardnefs and a pufhing difpofition, which could conform itfelf to all times; and, while he complied outwardly with the feveral fteps taken to advance the Reformation, he privately ufed all means in hi power to prevent it. He feems to have poffeffed a temper moft violent and uncontrouled, indulging himfelf in all the exceffes of revenge aod wanton cruelty. Being known to be fierce and cruel to the utmoft de- gree, Gardiner left the condemning and burning of hereticks to him. His perfon is reprefented as very fat and corpulent; which, in an epigram
. Made under a piéture of him whipping
Thomas Henfhawe, in Fox’s Martyrs, p- 2043, is afcribed to his feeding fo voracioufly on human fieth and blood, and having devoured 206 perfons in three years, No wonder then if glut- tony is to be added to his other ex- ceflive indulgences *,
yes
* Wood, MS, Athmole, fays he was
“the natural fon of Dr. Savage, reétor of
Davenham, Chefhire, by a woman after- wards married to one Bonner, a lawyers at Hanley. But Lord Lechmere affured Mr. Strype that he was legitimately born, aod put to {chool by one of the L, family, as he afterwards gratefully acknowledged, It is not very probable any branches of his _ Gent. Mac. February, 1799.
5
P. 28. JT cannot help thinking the ** wonderful Hiftory of Prince Fanfe« redin”’ was tranflated very foon after it was firft publithed in French, at leaft 60 years ago. Milfs Watts, it feems, publifhed a new tranflation of it.
P. 29. What is called Owen Glyna dwr’s’ fword, is nothing more than. one of thofe croffes fo common on coffin-fathioned fones in almoft every church in England and Wales. The ground of this tradition was probably one of his ftrong camps furrounded by. a vaft rampart of ftones, and called Caer Drewyn, near Corwen*, Tho’ it is faid he was buried in the churche yard at Monnington, co. Hereford, where lived one of his defcendants, in whofe houfe he died+, the place of Owen’s fepulture is fo uncertain, that it is not improbable his remains may really be covered by the ftone in quef- tion. I was fliewn, at the South end of the South tranfept of Bangor ca- | thedral, a tomb with a black marble flab and a crofs flory for Owen Glen= dwr’s ; but, if it belongs to any other than a bifhop of Bangor, it more pro- bably belongs to Owen Gwennith, foe vereign of North Wales, who died 1169, and. was buried heré with his brother Cadwallader, according to Gyraldus Cambrenfis, Itin. Camb. Glendwr burnt Bangor cathedral in 1408, and it lay in ruins 90 years; fo that it is not very likely his remains were honoured with a tomb in its ruins.
I with it was iff my power to gratif A. 7.. witha view of tla Peterborough houfe; but I have never feen ones Has not Mr. Lyfons made it clear that it came to the Peterborough family by the marriage of Cary, the builder’s kinfwoman, with the firft lord Peter~ borough ?
**Northward of (Wrington) church, and adjacegt to the church-yard, is an old thatched houfe, little better than a cottage, which had the honour of giving birth (Aug. 29, 1632) to that celebrated philofopher John Locke, whofe mother, tfavelling in
family fhould be exifting; and we hear of no favours heaped by him on any of them. Mr. Lyfons, in p. 32 of vol. IL. of his “ Environs,” dated 1796, fays, his houfe at Bethnal-green “is now converted inte two or three tenements.”
* Pennant’s Wales, p, 316+
t Mbid. p. 368.
thefe
thefe parts, was here taken, in labour, and conftrained to take up her refi- dence,” are the words of, Mr. Col- Jipnfon, Hiftory of Somerfet, I, 209.
e author of the “* Memoirs of the Life and Charaéter of Mr. Locke,” 1701, $v0, fays, he was born in the year 1632, at Wrington, pear Brifol, where he was baptized Aug. 29. Mr. Le Clerc, Bib’. choifie, VI. 345, fays, he was baptized the fame day be was born. “The “Memoirs” add, that his father, whofe name was John, was oyi inally of Pensford, in the county Of Buckingham. The name of the coynty is an evident miftake; for, it is well known that Pensford is a mar- ket-town in Somerfet, a chapelry to Publow vi'lage adjoining, and about as far from Briflol as Wrington, about 8 miles, and at not quite the fame dif- tance from Wrington. Mr. Collinfon, II. 429, defcribes Pensford as “a town confifting of a few ordinary hovfes, dreadfully decayed fince Le- land reprefented it as a ‘ praty market- rownlet occupied with clothinge.’ Be- ing now bereft of the benefit of trade, many of the’ houfes are fallen into ruins.”
Ih the account of the houfe wheze Mr. Locke was born, there is nothing to make one fuppofe it way no better than a cottage 150 years ago. It may have been one of the beft houfes in the village at that time; of, at any rate, the beft calculated to accommo- date Mrs. L. in her critical fituation, when fhe was not able to travel acrofs the country to her home at Peysford. Her hufband was fteward, or court- keeper, to Col, Pepham, who had large property in this county, and whole defcendants now own Publow, and might perhaps be travelliog on law buhnefs. The Pophams fold North Pethertopam the reigo of Charles [, to the Postmans. aM hold Well:ngton, and bury there (Colligfon, IT. 483-4), Their property lying in the South and South-we » Or lower, parts of the county, It is very probable that Mr. L. might be going thither on bufinefs, and that his wife accompanied him.
. But bow fthall we gceownr fox the want of curiofity in Mr, C. or his col- league Mr.Rack, who made drawings of ail the churches in the county, that they wever thought of examining the Kigifiers of Publow or Wrington for the baptifas of the great philofopher or his family, except by cefleting how
122 Birthplace of Mr. Locke, and Partisulars of hig Family. {F eb.
little our County-hiftorians have at- tended to fuch records; and neither Mrs. Montague nor Mifs More ever thought of them. By-the-bye, Mr. Urban, does not the infeription on the urn to be placed in Wringtop church look as if it were prefented to Mifs M. after it was ereéted there ? “ To Joun Locke, born in this village, this memorial is erected Mrs. MonTacus, and prefented to Hawnaun More.”
Mr. Locke’s ‘younger brother died in his minority, vol. LXI. p. 5123 and as Mr. L. never marsied, nor had fif-
ters, it is pot eafy to afcertein who.
were the reprefentatives of the family, The Parith Regifters, as before obfer- ved, might perbaps help us here. A much better view of Malling abbey gate is engraved LXIL 497. I am at a lofs to underftand what the black fpots on the little round pil- Jars mean in that in your Supplement, _ A chink it very likely that your An- tiquarian correfpondent, vol, LXVIII, p- 1108, fhould have miflaken the monument of Bifhop Poore for that of Bithhop Roger, which has letters on the ledge and on the figure; and yet it feems extraordinary thofe on Bithop Poore fhould have efcaped Mr, Carter. and other Antiquaries, og that they fhould occur on a monument of his age. Yours, &c. R. G.
Mr. UpBas, Feb. 2. 1% my obfervation on the word bitch,
p- 29, I faid that I did not recolleé any printed book which J could quote to juftify the fenfe I gave it. I have fince found one, In Ms, Middleton’s View of the Agriculture of Middlefex (a book full a aelanitenk he faysy P+ 93, “the harrows fo often bitch one on to the other, that .the man is obli- ged to ftop a fourth part of his time to et them to rights.” 8. H,
Mr. URBaN, Feb, 3. , FO the information of S, H. p. 29s I beg: leave to acquaint you, she word bitch, in the Northern coumies, has both an a@tive and a peurer fignifi- cation, I remember, when a boy, to have often thared. in an amufement which may illuftrate the meaning in its aftive fenfe. We deteribed a fort of bed upon the groynd with chalk, di- vidgd into feveral gompariments. B ; cn
”
1799-] A’ Paffage in Pope explained by Provincial Diakits, 123
thén placed 2 piece of a sie in the firft, and with one leg moved or jerked it from one compartment to the other, fiill continuing on one leg till we had gone through the whole. This motion we called bitching. In the neuter fenfe, it means fimply to hep upon one leg; as, inftead of bop, hip, and jump, we ufed the word bisch, kip, and jump. I dpprehendy Pope ufed the word in this figurative feofe in the -paflage S. H. {peaks of, as it forms a direét contraft with the word fide. Mr. Wakefield’s explanation of the word I conceive to be erroneous. The words bitch and
' edge convey two diftiné meanings. Dr.
johnfon’s definition approaches nearer the truth. I hope this explanation will fatisfy the enquiry of your correfpond- ent. A NoaTHern Frienp.
Mr. Urnsan, Kidderminfler, Feb. 8. H. p. 29, requefts an expladation . of * hitches is @ thyme ;’’ for, fo my copy reads it. In the North of England; where I refided, the word bitch was commonly ufed as a verb ac- tive in two fenfes, “I have hitch’d it in at lat.” This meaning feems to dérivé the word from Piezan, conari, &c. But in that fenfe it will not ex- plait Pope. In the other it is, I dare fay, perfe@tly clear to moft Northern ears What is meant by ‘hitches in a rhyme.” Tohitch, to ftick fat. * Hitch up your hat’ the bird I thor is hitch’d in that tree.” Mr. Pope would fmile, were he alive, to fee the York- fhire diaie&t ftepping forward as a fclo- Hiatt upon his vérfes. But, with all due réveretice to his manes, this laft wlage of the. vetb may ‘explain his meaning ; it certainly accords with what follows. Read thus, , $¢ Whoe’er offends, ‘at fome unlucky time Slides into verfe, anu flicks fafl, or bangs up, in a rhyme, Sacred to ridicule bis whole life long, And the fad burden of fome merry fong.’* - Ido not pretend, Mr. Urban, to any fkill in criticifm; but, if what I have bitched in will give any fatistattion: to & H. your inferiion of this will oblige @ Northern: friend. AN HONEST YORKSHIREMAN,
r Mr. UnBan, Feb. 12. ji bap word bitch is a good dest wfed in the county of Durham, and is, I believe, of Saxon derivation, Kk. fimply means bepping om one seg, dnd occurs in tw forts of piay, oF
= — the one called “ — ide, and lowp” (leap), the other, Swine or ee -I remember noticing Mr. Wake field’s critiqué on the paffage’ in quef- tion fome time fince, and them thought, as I do now, his emendation fir from ah happy one; as, whoever makes the neceflary and obvious diflinétion be- tween verse and rhyme, can be at little lofs for the literal and ludicrous méan- ing of the word bitches av it ftands in the couplet. If, however, a provincial word, which Mr. Wakefield fappofes bitch to be, may with propriety bé dé nied a place in élegant verfification, would not : mtu . §* Slides into verfe, arid bobbles in a rhyme,” come much nearer the fenfe of che poet than ¢dges into? You may laugh, Mr. Urbm, and I ani happy to make you merry; but, in thefe days of liberty and equality, if the text of Alexinder the Little is to be difputed, 1 infift up- on it, Sir, I have as great a right to of fer my conjeétures as any other perfon. With regard to Dr. Johnfon’s expla nation of the word birch, my opinion is, that both he and your correfpondent S, H. are right int their refpeétive defi-. nitions. Ia the firfl place, that to bitch is “to move by jerks” any petfon, holding up one leg and Hoppiig or jumping with the other, may afcer- tain; and, in the fecond, chat hitching is fomewhat diffeulr, or, as your cor refpondent S. H. expreffes himfelf, ** does nor go on fmoothly.” I have, in the way of “‘fetting cracks” (another North-counrry play), bitched too often from my father’s houfe to an old woman’s fchool in the neighbour- hood, where learning anid multard, manners and (pice (gingerbread), were ever on fale, noe to know it is done at the coft of an aching leg and lofs of breath. Therefore, demanding your felicica- tions for this véry learned dud liberal yee, ine E am, Mr. Urban, yours, ', Far-enough-Notth.in-all Confcience= this: cold. Weather.
Mr. URBanN, Fib. 19. I APPREHEND the word edge is- uled, in the Nosth of Bogiland, in the feafe mentioned by Mr. Wake- field ; yet, if I might be allowed to edge in a word without danger of being iene bitchiay ‘away in a lane caufe, I. would afk tf itis not poffible chat thefe two-words, edge and bieh, ray bee rive
ors from very different fources ; for,
urely, the latter has a fignification nearly, if not precifely, what your cor- refpondent -§. H. diffidently fuppofes. It feems to me that Dr. Johnfun’s ex- planation of pitch is perfe@ly agreeable. to the fenfe in which, I apprehend, Mr. Pope to have ufed it in the couplet quoted in P- 29; to bitch being fome- times applied, if I miftake not, in the North of England, to any perfon that walks lamely, who, of courfe, is obli- ged “to catch or move by jerks:” therefore, may not the words flides and bitches fland defignedly oppofed in the fame line, each thus explaining the other ? “ Whoe’er offends, at fome unlucky time Slides into verfe, or* hitches in a rhyme.” Slides, i.e. glides fmoothly along, or hitches, i, e. imps away; meaning, that the offender is fure to be dragged into fome fort of rhyme, whether his (ike “ Amelia’s) liquid name” affifts the verle to rum /moothly on its feet, or the rugged harfhnefs of its fyllables
obliges it to balt. Yours, &c. eet eal Mr. Ursan, Feb. 20.
1 &: confequence of a requeft in p. 29, I fend you the following remarks. The word bitch is very generally ufed, in the county of Glouegfter, in the fenfe of 10 flick fafi, or to faflen, commonly in a neuter, but fometimes in an adlive fenfe. For inftance, if you afk the unfortunate horfeman in that county, how it happened that he was dragged by his horfe, he immedi- ately replies, becaufe my foot bitebed in the flirrup. If you enquire of the fhepherd where he found his loft theep, he anfwers, bitched in the briers. The ploughman, when the hor/es are brought out of the flable harneffed, orders the driver to bitch them together, Again, as foon as they are carried in the field, to bitgh them to the plough; and, in the evening, bids him to bitch-off. When fheep have a frefh allowment of turnips given to them, it is invariably called a frefo-bitch, not -only in this, but in fome parts of the adjoining counties. When a fwing- gate is thrown tg, in order to fafen jt, the latch of it flides up the inclined plane of the catch, and,when arrived at acertain point, drops into the groove made to receive it, and then the gate is faid to bitch. I confefs that I h ve alwavs this laft fenfe of the
* In Dodfley’s r2mo edition, 3739, 1 18°
printed “ and hicches,””
124 Hitch explained.—Chilblains.—Caution in wafhing Linen. [Feb.
word ‘upon my mind when I-read the lines of Pope which are here alluded to. The meaning, therefore, of the paflage with me is this; ;
“ Whoe’er offends, at fome unlucky time Slides into verfe, and drops into, and flicks ; Sof, in a rhyme.”
there remaining iz/gats, or expofed to ridicule his whole life long.
Pope, it is well known, refided much and wrote much (probably this imitation of Horace) in Gloucefter- fhire, at the feat of Lord Bathurft at Cisencefter, where, if he converfed at all, he muft bave heard the word bitch ufed in the above fenfes.
Any alteration of the verfe in quef-
- tion would, I think, be for the worfe;
but Mr. Wakefield’s amendment ap- pears to me peculiarly inadmiffible. Yours, &c. W.L.
Mr. UnBan, _ Feb. 12. A$ your correfpondent, p. 12, wha gives you the epitaph of -Dr. Hales, feems to be ignorant who was the writer, I can inform you, that it wag generally. attributed at the time to the prefeat Bithop of Durham. Yours, &c. OXONIENSIS,
Mr. Urgan, Feb. 1. I N the prefent feafon of the year and
feverity of the cold, it is a real fer- vice to. the publick to communicate an eafy and familiar preventive of kibes in children, and frequently very bene- ficial to adults, and perfons advanced in years. It is fimply as follows—Let the perfon, twice or thrice in a week in the feyere cold months, immediately before getting into his bed, wath his feet in falt and water in a tepid milk- warm ftate, wiping them very drys This I write on experience, and with affurance of its benefit; and it would be of fervice to the publick, after trial of it, to communicate its fuccefs, with or without a name or fignature, thro‘ the channel of your monthly and ufe- ful Publication,
When fevers are prevalent, or any complaints, even common colds and covghs, it is of much importance that the dirty linen of the fick fhould be wafhed in feparate waters by them- felves; for, a degree of infe@ious taint will attach and communicate to all li- nen wathed with the linen of the fick.
‘This hint may induce confiderate per-
fons to attend to it, and give dire@tiong accordingly to Jaundreffes, Th €
3799-] 4 Law Opinion on Hunting requefted-—An ufiful Charity. 125°
The opinion of any liberal gentle- man, verfed in the law, whether lam
fubje& to penalty for {porting without
licence, by hunting re and that with a fmall pack of dogs kept-by fub- fcription, and to which I am a known fubfcriber, will be gratefully received.
A fingle flannel waificoat to each poor perfon would be equally ufeful
a én
to men or women. Bought at whole- fale dealers, the price is moft trifling. I vfually fend two dozen tobe diftri-’ buted by miniffer or churchwardens to every little village wherein I have’ property. ‘The poor wear them in the day, and fleep in them inthe night. © Yours, &c., V. and B,
=
H. OF COMMONS,
November 23.
, &-~ Speaker acquainted the Houfe, that his Majefty had been waited on with their addrefs of ‘thanks for his moft gracious fpeech from the Throne; and that his Majefty had returned a moft gracious anf{wer to the fame.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer moved, that no petition for private bills be received after Friday, the sth of February next; which was agreed to accordingly.
The Chencellor of the Exchequer moved the order of the day, for a Committee ef the whole Houfe, to confider of his Majefty’s moft gra- cious mefiage refpecting an annuity to be granted to reareadmiral Lord Nelfon.
After fome obfervations from Mr, Fohnes, on the nature and ‘confe- quences of the gallant admiral’s bril- liane vidlory, the Houfe refolved itfelf into a Committee, Capt. Berkeley in the chair; and, his Majefly’s meflage having been read,
The Chancellor of the Exchequer faid, he was fo perfuaded of the una- nimous ‘fentiment and with of the Houfe on the motion he thould have the honour. to make, that he fhould confider it impertinent in him to de- tain them further on the fubjeét; he would therefore move, ‘that it is the opinion of this Committee, that an annuity of zo0o]. per annum be payable cut of the confolidated fund to rear-adiniral Lord WNelfon, and to his two next heirs inheriting the title, in confideration of his eminent fervi- ces, purfuant to his Majefty’s meflage.”
General Walpole vofe to fecond the motion. He faid, the country would doubtlefs think with him, that’ Lord Nelfon had moft jufily deferved this semuneration for his fervices,
*
PROCEEDINGS IN PARLIAMENT, 1798-9.
TT
~ ‘The motion was then put, and. agreed to mem. con. and the report was ordered to be received to-morrow. 7
The Houfe refolved itfelf inte a' Committee, to take into"confideration his Majefty’s fpeech.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer moved, that a fupply be granted to’ his Majefty. ‘
The motion was agreed to, and the report ordered to be received to« morrow.
Mr. Wilberforce Bird obferved, that the bill enabling certain perfons to if ' fue promiffory notes of a {mall amount was attended with much convenience ¢ the want of fuch a bill would be obvi- ated if the new filver coinage was te take place which was fome time ago ° in contemplation. He underflood, however, that the meafure was retar- ded, as Government had employed fe- veral Royal Academicians to invent a die for the ornament of the filver coinage,
The fmall-note bill: of laft feffion being read, Mr. Bird moved for leave to bring in a bill to explain and conti- nue, he a time to be limited, the fame.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer faid, that notice was certainly necef-" fary ; for, though the meafure which gave rife to the bringing in the bilt, namely, the fufpenfion of iffuing {pe- ’ cie from the Bank, ftill exifled, yet the embarraffments which occafioned it at that time do not’ now continue, With refpeé to the filver coinage, the coun'ry felt, and the Houfe would perceive, the neceffity of mventing fuch dies as wou'd prevent the nume-— rous frauds committed on the filver coinage of the country, without any reference to beauty or ornament, which were fubordinate confiderations.
Mr. W. Bird explained; and leave '
was then given to bring in his bill.
November -
326. Proceedings in the prefent Scffion of Parliament, 1798-9. {Feb.
,, Movember 26.
Capt. Berkeley prefened a bill for fettlng and feeuring to Lord Nelfon, and the two next heirs in {ucceffion, a certain annuity, in confideration of his eminent fervices; which was read the firft time,
The Hovfe having refolved itfelf into @ committce of fupply, to confider of the navy eftimates, Lord Ardea mo- wed, that 120,000 feameny. i ‘ 20,0¢9 marines, be granted to his Mae sefiy, t the fervice of the enfuing year.
ix Joba Sinelair.conceived the num- ber then, moved for to be much more than was neceflary, when he confidered the prefent fituation of the country, and the great fucceiics that had lately been obtained over the enemies’ fleets. At the end of the American war, when we had al! the navies of France, Spain, and Holland, to contend with, there were no more thans10,000 feamen ; and, therefore, at .the prefent time, when
there was not the fame neceflity, he.
thought that number would be {uffi- cient; and that to keep up fo many as } woud be a great profufion. The Chancellor of the Exchequer faid, that the only reafon afligned by the Hon, Baronet for w'thing to re- duce the prefent eftablifhment of the navy was, of there having been but 350,000 feamen at the end of the American war, when the ficets of the enemy Were more powestul than they were at prefent; but he did not at- tempt to hhew that a greater number than 1.10j000° would at that time have been unneceflary, The navy of Eng- Jand at that time was condudted with 2s much {kill and enterprife as at an other period; it was fupported wit no confiderable diminution of glory; bur, inflead of Llocking up the ports of the enemy throughout the whole ex- tent of their coafts; ioftead of making every quarter of the world a fcene of new trrumphs ; it was often in fitua- tions of difficulty, and fometimes of danger. He could not, therefore, fee
any, grounds. for the fon, Baronet’s,
withing to reduce the navy; he was confident that the vote of 120,000 fea- mien would not that day ineet one dif- fenting. voice but his,
Mr. Tierney faid, that it certainly would not meet his diffemting voice.
The refolution then pafled the Com- mittee. The following fums were alfo voted—3,86,000]. and 2,964,000. for, feamen’s pay—4,617,0001, fur
wear and tear of thips—and 390,000!, for fea ordnance. ;
The: Speaker having refumed the chair, the report was ordered to be received to-morrow.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer ob- ferved, he had already given notice of his intention to bring forward, on Monday next, certain propofitions con< cerning finance. He then rofe to give notice that on the Monday. following he would lay before the Committee of Ways arid Means the whole of the fupplies for the fervice of the enfuing year.
November 27.
The refolutions, voting 120,000 fea- men, including marines, were reported from the Committee.
On the fecond reading,
Sir Jobm Sinclair fad that, after 2 cool cenfideration- of this fubjeét, he faw no reafon for re-calling his opinion —that a fmaller number of fcamen would be fufficient for every exigency, in the prefent ruined fate of the French navy.
Mr. Wallace (one of the Admiralty) expreffed his furprize at the oppofition which had been given to the prefeot vote. It.was fuch a one, in his opi- nion, as might have been acceded to with fafety; and the number of fea- mee. called for, in his judgement, could not be reduced without danger. Thole who were employed in the con- duét of the navy had thewn every dif- pofition to retrench the public expen- ces; the prefumption was, therefore, . in their favour, that, if the full num- ber of feamen. was voted, they wou'd not lofe fight of any favourable oppor tunity for reducing that number.
The queftion. being put, the refolu- tion was agreed ro, ‘
The Chancellor of the Exchequer moved, that the 38th, cap. 66. of the King be read; which being done, he obferved, that it would be in the re- colleftion of the Houfe, that the att, enabling his Majefty to accept of the voluntary offer of the militia to ferve in Ireland, wou'd cxpire within a month after the meeting of the prefent feffion. Fortunately for the country, thé vo- luotary zeal of che militia had had the moft falutary effeéts in fuppreHing the rebellion in Ireland, but certainly not fuch as to induce the Houfe to confent to the militia beirg withdrawn trom that country, ‘His wifi was to give
the
ee ees oe ee, a er
st a
i
{ i wih \ | “hh Bo Lith
ll }) y i
HH WS il Lie Kt
| H
ih Ny
—
—
the militia a renewed opportunity of vos luotarily coming forward on future occafions; and for this »purpofe) he thould move for leave to bring in a bill for the continuance of the faid act, for
a time to be limited. Leave granted.
H. OF LORDS, _ > Noawember 28.
Lord. Grenville prefented a rr from his Majcfty, which was the famein {ubftance with that which, on a former day, bad been brought to the Com-+ mons, for granting an annuity to Lord Nelfop. Ic concluded with. trufting that the Houfe would coneur.with his Majefly’s faithful Commons in carry- ing the fame into effet. »He conclu. ded by moying an humble addrefs co his Majsfty, thankiag‘him for his moft gracious communication, and declarin that that Houfe moft heartily concurre in the fentiments exprefled by his Ma- jefly concerning the important fervices of d Nelfon, and would endeavour to the usmoft of their power to carry his Majefty’s moft gracious intention into effedt.
This addrefs was agreed to unani- moufly.
The Earls of Elgin and Dumfries tovk the oaths, and their feats.
. a —
In the Commons, the fame day, Mri Dent brought up a. petition from the debtors.in Lancafter gaol, praying for the relief of the Houfe, Ordered to lie on the table. :
The Houfe went into a- Committee of Ways aud: Means, Mr. Hobart in the chair. ‘
TheChancellor of the Exchequer mo- ved, chat it is the opivion of thisComs miuce, that, towards .raifing the Sup- ply granted co his Majefty, the feveral duties on fugar, impoled by the afts of the 27h, the 34th, and 37:h of the king—the duties on malt, and the du- ties of excife on tobacco and fnuff, which expire the 24th of March,’ 1799, pe ay the pa of March, 18005 that duty of 4s. per ad; raifed from ‘aoiiom os doohost ef. tates, be alfo concinued to 1800; and alfo the duties on malt, mum, cyder, and heer, to the 24th of June, 1800.
Thefe refolutions were agreed to, :
The Committee of Supply was put of to Friday. sf
November 39.
Mr. Wilberforce Bira wrought in his
. Welt-Jndies.
————
1999:] Proceedings in the prefent Seffion of Parliament, 1798-9. 127
dill for the continuing of {mall notes ; which was rea1 the firft time, and or- dereé to be read a fetond time on Teteg next. lt
ord Nelfon’s- on was ordered to be ingrofled, and read the third time on Monday.
The order of the day, for the Houle to go into a Commitcée of Sup- ply, being read, the Secretary at War woved, that the eftimates of the army be referred to the faid’ Come mistee, ,
The Houfe in a Cofmmittee, the Ses eretary-at War faid, he thought the readieft way of ftating to the Commit- tee the eftimates would be to refer to the years 1797 and 1798 ; and, by compa- . ring the expenditure with the demands of the fervice, gentlemen ‘would be en abled to account for what may not ap- pear to them at firft view—the increas fed demands for the enluing year. He ftated the difference arifing from the neceflary augmedtation of the army at one million. This augmentation arofé froin the increafe in the militia, in the dragoon regiments, in the foot-gtards, and in the regiments defliied for the Another article which contributed tothe enlargement was, that the fupplementary militia, L& year, had been taken on an eflimate only for a limited time; whereas their fervices, from the unexpected gourfe of events, had rendered thzir continu- apse ablolutely neceflary; to thefe were to be added the Scotch militia, fourteen new corps of fencibie infantry, and volunteer corps; the eftimate of barracks, in which the troops were now lodged throughout the country ; and the increafed fum granted to the wi- dows of officers, which was not above
. 30]. per annum, on the ayerage, to
cach; a grant ip which, in ucuees his owe feelings, he hoped he thoul meet with the indulgence of the Com-
amines: Thelefums, which would ap-
pear from the efiimares, together with the confiruétion and separation of Scotch roads acd bridges, would make wp the fum tctal; and which, ‘as’ fpes cifically chentioned in the papers before the Houfe, he would not gow recapitu- late. The Speretary at War entered here into an account of the arrange- ments which were made in the War- office, and exprefled his doubrs that the favings gained by the curtailing of the fees from the different branches would be fuffisiens to make a the
ums
erga oa
a
=e tere SS
'
228 Proceedings in the prefent Seffion.of Parliament, t798-9. [Feb,
fums that were neceflary to augment the pay of thofe who were confidered as moder paid, or be fufficiently produc- tive for thofe new offices which were meceffarily created. . He then faid, that dhe would produce the refolutions to the Committee, unlefs a queftion fhould atife. ,
After a few words from Mr.. Pitt and. Mr, Tierney, she report was
brought up; and, in a converfation ’ acrofs
ofs the table, ic was agreed to re- econfider the army eftimates on Tuef- day, and. to receive the report on the navy aod plantations on Monday next.
‘ December 3. '
The Chancellor of the Exchequer, in a very long {peech, produced his plan of finance, which may be termed a budgét. He took a cursfory view of the fupplies for the fervice of the en- fuing year, amounting to 29,272,000l. fierling.
The following is the ftatement of
the fupplies :
Navy, including the Wages of feamen, £+ 13,642,000
Army - - - 8,840,000
Army extraordinaries = 3,902,000
Ordnance - - 15 70,000
Plantation eftimates - 420,000
Tranfport board - 700,000
To the commiffioners for
‘ me the national
: - ~ 200,000 Total £,. 29,272,000
The new plan of finance, or’ modi- fication of that of laft year, relates to a tax On income, amounting to ten mil- lions fterling, deduced from the fol- lowing flatement of income :
Landlords - - £+10,000,0¢0 Tenants - - 6,000,000 Tithes ~ - 4,000,000 * Mines, navigations, &c. 3,000,009 Rental of houfes - 5,200,000
Profeffions - - 2,000,000 Diftant poffefiiens - = 5,000,e00 Foreigntrade - - 12,0C0,c00 Domettictrade . = +=. 18,000,000
Artizans, &¢, ys - 10,000,000 Scotland - - 5,000,000 Funds - . 12,000,000
Grand total 102,000,c@0
_ The total, faid Mr. Pitt, 1s put at ene hundred and two millions ; and I, therefore, hope I may confider myfelf juftified in the expeflation, that no lefs a fum than 10,000,000). is likely, from
atax of this de(cription, if fairly col-
le&ted. Now, fuppofing that ten mil- lions is the fum thus colleéted, gentle- men will recolleé&t, that, in the laft feffion of parliament, the affeffed taxes were the only part of the public res fources, which were mortgaged for the fum of 80,000,0001. borrowed for the public fervice in 1797. I fthould think it my duty, therefore, that the {um now propofed to be raifed, in lieu of the affeffed taxes, fhould, after its appropriation to the fupplies of the prefent year, remain as a pledge for the difcharge of the loan of the prefent year beyond what will be paid out of the finking fund. Taking the af- feffed taxes at four millions, they would have been mortgaged for two years after peace ;——and thus the ad- vantage of this meafure is this, that no greater {ums will be raifed on any in- dividuals than thofe which have been hitherto paid, at leaf by, fuch as have rendered the meafure of the le- giflature effeGival ; they will Ve re- lieved of a greater than a proportional fhare of their burthen, and the dura- tion of the burthen will not be half the time. This is a recommendation of the juftice and expediency. which mutt be felt by the people at large. Bur it does not ftop Cece it looks anxioufly to the alleviation of the burthens of the country by a great temporary exertion ; it fooks to the equality of the tax, and the general efficacy of the meafure, conicious that on.them depends our fuccefs in the great caufe in which we are engaged. Mr. Pitt faid, that every honeft and well-difpofid man would, no doubt, be ready to contribute a tenth of his income in the prefent exi- gency; and, in defcriving our brilliant viétories by fea, drew a ftriking con- traft between England and the powers on the Continent; and hoped, as an opportunity was now offered, that they would ftand forward in defence of theit
‘ liberties, and reduce the enemy to his
proper boundaries.
Mr. Tierney was the only gentleman who delivered his fentiments after Mr. Pitt. Ina long and animated fpeech he expreffed his difapprobation of the principle of the meafure; and referved toa future flage of the bufinefs a par- ticular ftatement of his objcétions to the tax. ,
The refolutions were then read and agreed to, and the report ordered to be received to-morrow.
(To be continued.)
~ Confis
—~
1799+]
2g- Confiderations upon the State of Public Affairs at the Beginning of the Year 1798.
* Part the Second, Upon ibe Infiru&tions of His Majefly’s Plenipotentiary at Lille, and
the Indemu.ty of Great Britain at the:
Peace, By the Author of * Confiderations,
ec. at the Beginning of the Year 1796.” Third Edition,
“ THE material part of the following
$ was written during the period of the negotiations at Lille, and ander impref- fions infeparable from what the author re- garded as at leaft a great public danger and ifhonour. He had not, however, courage to take upon himfelf fo great refponfibi- Iity as attaches, in his opinion, upon per- fons who inferfere with the actual mea- fures of the Executive Government. He choofes a time for publifhing thefe reflec- tions when they clath with po objec of ' Adminiftration; when the good fenfe and de'iberation of the publick may judge of them without heat, anxiety, or prejadice ; with the tranquillity. and even coldnefs which attend the difcuffion of remote and contingent ipteretts. It will eafily be feen, that he neither courts popularity nor fa- Vour, and that he fpeaks che language of no party. The greateft danger of Europe he confiders to arife from the people’s ig- norance of their true fituation, and from mean and temporizing politicks in the Governmenis, He referves for a future but not yery diftant opera to offer a few Confiderations upon the domeftic fi- tuation of the empire and its dependencies, and the neceffity of explicitnefs, economy, and example, in the Government, jn order to enable the people to bear their fhare of privations and hardthips during the con- teft, and to triumph over every difficulty and danger.” Advertifement.
“As foon as France had received that Conftitution which ended on the 18th of Fructidor *#, the King's fervants brought down a meffage + to both Houfes of Par- Jiament, expreffive of his Majefty’s readi- Nefs to treat for. a general peace, and con- taining a virtual acknowledgement of the Republick.” (p. 1.)
“The relative ftate, therefore, of the belligerent powers, and not the caule of the war, or pretence of injury, gives the meafure and equity of the peace. Indem- nities are not for the juft,bnt the powerful. There isa right in wrong itfelf. The plun- der acquired by crime is to be divided with juftice; ftates and banditti acknow-
this law.
“If we have not offered to France her due thare of the common prey, which is the plain Englifh of what diplomatic cant and minifterial prudery have chriftened by the affeéted name of mutual compenfation ;
“# Sept. 1797- Dec. 9, 1795. . Gass Mie. Fahey, 1799 i
6
Review of New Bublications.; 129 if the projet of Lord Malmefburydoes nat »
leave. to France her fair divifion of the {poil — then we are the protraétors of the war. If we aught to have abandoned the whole to France, without any, moiety or equivalent for ourfelves, chen we are cer- tainly guilty of its continuance. But, if the Harbour of Trincomalé, with the Iffand of Trinidada, and the Cape of Good Hope, are not more than an equivalent for Flan- ders, Brabant, Liege, Cologne, Holland, Savoy, Lombardy, and the while catar logue of the French robberies; then, con- fidering that the arms of France have Os been more vittorious than our own, and that our fuccefles upon the high feas are equal to her’s upon the high wavs, we haye agted like. thieves of honour, and are entitled to defend our ¢quitable thare of the booty.
“When peace was firft offered to the Republick, and fo late as my Lord Malmefbury’s firft expulfion from Fragce, we propofed to ourfelves fome hanefter and nobler objeéts: we were willing to diveft ourfelves of our conquefts, in order to reinftate our unfortunate allies in the countries of which they had been difpofe feffed by the fortune of war, and to reftore the balance of Europe. Upon an occafion fo generous, and with intentions fo truly jutt and magnanimous, it would have been mean to have haggled or bargained ; the fore and the lefs were queftions of trifling importance. We were indemnified by ho- nour for all our ceffions of intere(t. To be the acknowledged deliverers of Europe, had even a political advantage in reppta- tion, ‘and poffihly in gratitude, which might esfily counterhalance fome degree of inferiority in opr relative pofition. Bau now that we, together with all Europe, have abandoned that fyftem, which, in our turn, has defended all of us; now that, difengaged by the treaty of Udina, we think of our individual ftate alone, and are become infulated in the politicks of Europe, as well as in the map, it is doubtlsfs our part to keep our full thare of the common plunder, and affert our right in wrongs more particularly as our armed confederates demand not only the whple of the purfe, but the piftol.
“If we examine the prae& which has been rejected at Lille, we fhall find that there exifts no longer in any. Cabinet of Europe a hafis or defign of peace, that is not founded in-the complete abandonment of its antient fyftem, or that is any thing elfe than anew plan for its diyifion and fpoliation. Even England, the generous and impartial arbitrefs of its fate, and the proteétrefs of its liherties fo often, appears there in the charaéter of one of its plun- derers; meck indeed, and moderate, and felf-denying, and declining fii} the inyi-
digptagls
*
Sr tata enna: A tnaTtnSnennstrntiipineinteneneites ithe tiie aanee
diovfnefs and the full reward of a crime, of which the more than divides the mean- nefs and the guilt.” (p. 5—8.) ay
“If peace comes to be not reftoration of right, but ratification of violence, what does it bring but more leifure to. complain, and brood over injuries no longer doubtful, no longer to be remedied?” (p. 13.)
“If France had fleets now, does any one think fhe would make peace at all ? Does any one think then, that the will ob- ferve the peace after fhe fhall have ob- tained fleets? And does any one ‘think we can raife the blockade of ber ports, and of Spain and Holland, without giving her fleets? Can we make, peace without giving her feamen, who are pow our pri- foners*? Cah we reftore ber coloniés without giving ‘her the ourferies and {chools of feamen? And cana peace laft, which furnifhes her, in an infant, with every thivg wanting to her, and inducing her'to break it?” (pp. 14, 15.) eae
“The ‘peace of which Lord Mualmef- bury was infiruétéd to prefent the project would have ratified the French empire in the Netherlands, her paramount authority ever the vafial governments of Holland, Spain, and Sardinia; her tutelary fove- reigoty in the new Italian republicks, to- gether with whatever part of the Venetian or [niperial territories within the Rhine, ‘was not to be given to the Emperor, either by the treaty of Leoben, or as an equiva- lent for its violation. For this is an axiom of our new public law, and a principle of the French code of nations, that every treaty may be broken, and every, oath be canceled, fo it be done with am indemnity, or’a compenfation. What other changes were to be effected in Europe in favour of France, are perhaps as yet too myfterious and uncertain to be ftated amongft thefe acknowledged and public ufurpations (Rome and Swifferland had not yet been conquered) : it is not material to {well the catalogue with Avignon, Porentru, and the German rents in Alfatia, the briars and brambles in a foreft of iniquity. It is enough to trace her from fea to fea, and from mountain to mountain, whence fhe ftrides like another Neptune, fhaking the foundations of tlie earth.
“ OF all the barriers of Europe, of all the boundaries, natural or created by the art and policy of nations, the Britifh Chan- nel alone remains, yet confiderably im- paired, and menaced and outflanked by an
* “/Thére are 24,000 French prifoners
now in the Englith ptifons of war, of ‘
whom four-fifths, or 19,200, are feamen ; befides whatever number we may poffefs in the Weft Indies and other quarters.”—
[Since this was written, it is believed a -
cartel has taken place, and a regular ex- change, though the balance is confiderably
againg this comatry.]
130 Review of New Publications.
[ Feb.
hoftile line, from Uthant to the Ems. The Alps and the